Egyptian Art: Sakhmet

The paleologist reached this resolution dependent on pictograph tests at Gaza, which indicated clear and profound cuts in diorite and rock. Sesames is an Egyptian, African sun goddess whose name meaner â€Å"The Powerful One†. Sesames ruled over Egypt from 1390-1352 B. C. E. It's said she was known to have consistently been hung in red pieces of clothing henceforth another of her numerous monikers was â€Å"Red Lady'. The imagery of her red pieces of clothing, were from the blood of her vanquished adversaries. Her name is gotten from the Egyptian word â€Å"Seem† (which meaner â€Å"power† or â€Å"might†) and is regularly interpreted as the â€Å"Powerful One†.She is portrayed as a lion-headed lady, some of the time with the expansion of a sun plate on her head. Her situated sculptures give her holding the ankh of life, however when she is indicated striding or standing she typically holds a staff framed from papyrus (the image of northern or Lowe r Egypt) proposing that she was related principally with the north. Notwithstanding, a few researchers contend that the god was presented from Sudan (south of Egypt) where lions are progressively copious. It was said that her breath framed the desert. She was viewed as the defender of the badger and drove them in warfare.Sesames was related with the goddesses given the title â€Å"Eye of Re† she wore a sun-circle and cobra on her temple, recognizing her as the little girl of the sun god Re. As indicated by fantasy, Ra lost control since humankind was not observing his laws and saving Matt Justice or parity). He chose to rebuff humanity by sending a part of his little girl, the â€Å"Eye of Ra†. He culled Hath from Areas on his temple, and sent her to earth as a lion. She became Scheme, the â€Å"Eye of Re† and started her frenzy. The fields ran with human burden. Be that as it may, Re was not a remorseless god, and seeing the butchery made him repent.He requeste d her to stop, however she was in a blood desire and would not tune in. So Re poured 7,000 Jugs of brew and pomegranate Juice (which recolored the lager dark red) in her way. She pigged out on the â€Å"blood† and turned out to be so flushed she dozed for three days. At the point when she got up, her blood desire had dispersed, and mankind was spared. In another form of the legend, Path is the principal thing she sees on getting up and she in a split second began to look all starry eyed at him. Their association (creation and annihilation) made Unfetter (mending) thus restored Matt. The sparing of humankind was recognized each year on the banquet day of Hath/Scheme.Everyone drank brew recolored with pomegranate Juice and venerated â€Å"the Mistress and woman of the burial chamber, benevolent one, destroyer of defiance, relentless one of enchantments†. A sculpture of Scheme was wearing red confronting west, while Bass was wearing green and confronted east. Bass was som e of the time viewed as Sesames ‘s partner (or twin contingent upon the legend), and in the celebration of Hath they epitomized the duality fundamental to Egyptian folklore. Plan spoke to Upper Egypt while Bass spoke to Lower Egypt. In her job as the eye of Re, Sesames was dispatched abroad to wreck Egypt enemies.Sesames became enraged when she found Re set another goddess in her place while she was away. The Eye would not return and secure Egypt, until mollified by wine, music, and move. The Egyptians clarified the sun's yearly movement toward the south and afterward back to Egypt as the Eye's takeoff and return. In other myth's, Re's Eye represented characteristic wonders, for example, the Niles flood and the Egyptian new year. In spite of the fact that Kismet's actual structure was accepted to be covered up, this present bust's lioness face alludes to her capacity and furious nature, which could either safeguard or destroy.The goddess' kindheartedness and assurance were con sidered especially essential on occasion of change, for example, the new day or year. Severed Ill dispatched at least two Sesames sculptures for every day in the year, convincing the goddess' kindness and insurance. Numerous sculptures of Sesames were found in the area of Mute Kara. Since Kismet's activities were principally dangerous while Mute spoke to security, the two goddesses were now and then insider as the positive and negative parts of one deity.In end, my excursion to the Brooklyn Museum of workmanship was not my first, nor will it be my last, however it was the most engaging and useful outing. Next time I go I will bring a few companions along so they can appreciate the rich Egyptian culture as much as I did. This is a sculpture of Sesames. Medium: Grandiosity Place Found: Thebes, Egypt Dates: ca. 1390-1352 B. C. E. Administration: XVIII Dynasty Period: New Kingdom Dimensions: 39 x 19 7/8 x 15 9/16 TN. (99 x 50. 5 x 39. 5 CM)

The Replacement and Cosntinuity Models Essay Example for Free

The Replacement and Cosntinuity Models Essay Paleonthropologists for the most part utilize the accompanying 2 models to clarify the beginnings of present day people. The substitution model The coherence model  â â â â â Each of these models has its premise that could be followed back to hundred of years prior. The two models would be talked about unequivocally with the utilization of models for simple comprehension. The Replacement Model  â â â â â This model was established by Christopher Stringer and Peter Andrews. They suggested that advanced people developed from bygone Homo Sapiens 200,000 †150,000 ( 2000 centuries back) just in Africa and afterward some of them moved into the remainder of the world because of one explanation or the other supplanting the entirety of the Neanderthals and other late ancient Homo Sapiens start around 1000 centuries prior. Since the understanding of this fossil record is acknowledged by certain individuals, it implies all individuals today or present day people share a moderately current African parentage which basically implies we are largely Africans. Every other line of people that had dropped from Homo erectus apparently got wiped out.  â â â â â As we can see, the territorial anatomical contrasts that we can among people today are late developments advancing for the most part over the most recent 400 centuries.  â â â â â This theory is additionally alluded to as the Noah’s ark or African substitution model. The acknowledged perspective on the out of Africa model is that Africa traded qualities with Eurasia, which imparted qualities to East and Southeast Asia and there are two confirmations supporting the substitution model: the fossil record and DNA. Up until this point, the most punctual type of present day Homo sapiens skeletons originated from Africa. This basically implies there are no homo sapiens existing today that would not be followed back to Africa.  â â â â â Though John Relethford and different pundits of the substitution model have had the best decent variety in DNA essentially on the grounds that there were more individuals living in Africa during the most recent quite a while and this would lead us to the clarification of progression or multi-local model. The Continuity Model   This model was upheld by Milford Wolpoff, of the University of Michigan, he suggested that cutting edge people advanced pretty much all the while or simultaneously in every single significant area of the old world from neighborhood obsolete homo sapiens. Which implies that homo erectus were accessible in all districts of the earth since the time commencement. The speculation of this model expresses that cutting edge homo sapiens had numerous roots from existing nearby populaces. Every nearby populace of obsolete people offered ascend to a populace of present day people. This model was detailed around 1992 at University of Michigan. ( Turnbaugh, et. al# 323) . They advance their case by expressing that through quality stream, the ancient Homo sapiens quality was given more prominent fluctuation in this way empowering it to create more prominent adjustments. By this procedure, they expect that we current people emerged.  â â â â â From an individual viewpoint, it is the coherence model that bodes well. Since it guarantees that cutting edge human appeared through Homo erectus that was accessible in all district of the earth. This implies every area has its establishing homo erectus.  Model I to help individual view  â â â â â Modern Chinese are viewed as having developed from Chinese antiquated Homo sapiens and Homo erectus. This implies the Chinese and some others on the planet have incredible artifact set up.  Model II to help individual view Indonesia/Australia  â â â â â Medley of cranial highlights is utilized to contend that advanced natives are slid from Javanese Homo erectus. The characteristics that were recognizable between the Javanese Homo erectus also, the advanced people living in Indonesia and Australia districts include: Retreating temple Facial prognathism Source Jorgen Holm inâ Human advancement

11 Body Language Mistakes Youre Making in Your Interview

11 Body Language Mistakes Youre Making in Your Interview We’re all anxious going into prospective employee meet-ups. What's more, a great deal of times anxiety has an entertaining method of crawling into our non-verbal communication in manners we don’t expect. Inconvenience is, questioners aren’t anxious, so every non-verbal communication violation of social norms is significantly more glaring to them. Here are 11â body language mistakesâ to keep an eye out for while preparing for your interview.1. Lip bitingAn on edge propensity that can be perused as an indication of double dealing or even as a lewd gesture. Avoid!2. Quick Head MovementThis is straight out of the built up rundown of things to keep an eye out for in liars. Attempt to keep your head still when being posed an inquiry, and not move it promptly after.3. Mouth CoveringThis can pass on your hesitance to respond to the inquiry. Do whatever it takes not to cover your mouth except if you wheeze or hack, at any rate while you’re in the hot seat.4. Stif fnessAt a similar time, attempt to abstain from being excessively still. You’ll look somewhat ungainly, constrained, or even as if you’re attempting to overcompensate for your deceptive nature with your tranquility. Act natural!5. PointingWe all motion. What's more, that’s fine-common even. Yet, pointing, particularly legitimately or forcefully, is frequently viewed as discourteous or deflective.6. Covering UpIf you will in general spread powerless or touchy body parts when you’re apprehensive, this is a propensity to keep an eye out for. Regardless of whether it’s regular to feel powerless, you should do whatever it takes not to show it too obviously. You don’t need to be seen as having anything to hide.7. Uneven Eye ContactIt’s vital to keep up a fitting degree of eye to eye connection not all that much (peculiar) and not very little (deceitful/obscure). Attempt to find some kind of harmony and evade boundaries in either direction.8 . MicroexpressionsIf you’re inclined to these brief instant appearances or moment little eye moves, best to attempt to hold them under control, in case your questioner see and misunderstand the idea.9. Counterfeit SmilesBetter not to grin huge and lovely on the off chance that you can’t do it without seeming fake. In the event that you can’t make your entire face look upbeat, not simply your grin, at that point individuals will see and accept you’re loaded with it. Be as authentic and positive as possible.10. Physical BarriersDon’t place physical barricades among you and your questioner for example your handbag, a menu, your telephone, your jacket. Stay open. On the off chance that you don’t, your questioner may accept you’re attempting to stay away for whatever reason.11. Shallow BreathsTry to keep your breathing quiet and even. Substantial, shallow breaths are frequently credited as an average conduct of liars. Don’t get lump ed into that classification as a result of nerves!

Making house calls

Making house calls As part of the 2011 Early Action Telethon, today I had the opportunity to talk to some of the prospective members of the Class of 2011. That’s right, if you don’t ask me questions on my blog, I will call your house and suck them out of you. No, really. I fully acknowledge that it’s awkward to get a call during dinner from someone you don’t know. But, we’re just trying to help! I am really glad to have been able to answer some of your questions (which I have copied below) and learn some new things as well (congrats to the 2007 Intel Science Talent Search Semifinalists!) Question: What is the transition from high school to MIT like? Academically, the transition depends greatly on the rigor of your high school curriculum. I went to a math and science Magnet program, so I came into MIT with AP credits in Biology, Physics, and Calculus. This is by no means the norm. Keep in mind that first semester freshman year is on pass/ no-record. It is meant to level the playing field, so that you will succeed at MIT regardless of your high school preparation. You can also make life easier or much harder on yourself, depending on the level of the intro class that you choose to take. For example, to fulfill one of your physics requirements, you can take 8.02 (Electricity and Magnetism) or 8.022 (Electricity and Magnetism with calculus…must harder.) I chose to take 8.02, not because I was lazy, but because I wasn’t interested enough in the subject to want to dive into the deep end…I was fine with wadding in the shallow waters. I would rather labor over advanced biology or mechanics, it’s all just a matter of personal pre ferences, as long as you finish your requirements! Socially, making the transition to college will be challenging no matter what school you attend. It is difficult to adjust to living away from home, where all of a sudden you are faced with a whole new set of responsibilities. You might get the Freshman 15 (I did…) from eating at all the free barbeques around campus during the first few weeks of school, or from late-night snacking while pseting. It might take you some time to adjust to living with a roommate or being so far away from your family and high school friends. But, your newfound freedom and independence will be something you will learn to love and appreciate. Eventually, you will find yourself learning to use a planner, cooking, cleaning, paying your bills, and even (*gasp*) doing your own laundry. (On another note, I would highly recommend participating in a pre-orientation program. I did the Freshman Leadership Program, and it gave me an opportunity to meet many freshmen before even stepping foot on campus.) Question: What is the social life like? Hopefully, by reading these blogs you realize that MIT students are normal people! We are not socially inept beings who lock ourselves in our rooms, refusing to see the light of day until all of our problem sets are complete. In fact, if you come to Campus Preview Weekend, you will see the broad spectrum of activities on campus and realize that while everyone is a nerd at heart, they know how to have fun (whether it is by dropping pumpkins off of roofs or salsa dancing at a club in Central Square.) Basically, there is something for everyone. Don’t worry about not finding friends…you’ll find a group of people where you’ll feel like you belong. If you can’t find that group in the dorms, you will surely find them in the independent living groups, 27 fraternities, or 5 sororities. Qusetion: How easy is it to cross-register with Harvard? From what I hear, it’s very easy and just requires you to fill out a form and talk with your advisor. I have friends who have taken language classes at Harvard, art classes at the Museum of Fine Arts, and humanities classes at Wellesley. Harvard is only 2 stops away on the T and less than thirty minutes by bus. Wellesley and the Museum of Fine Arts are also pretty close by. See, that wasn’t so painful, was it? Any other questions? Post Tagged #cross-registration

Cause and Effect Writing Meaning, Process & Benefits

Cause and Effect Writing: Meaning, Process Benefits Before you start working on cause and effect essay, it is recommended to get to know better what this kind of essay implies. The writer, who is working on cause and effect essay, explains why this event or phenomenon has happened and what kind of effect it has on the environment, people, etc. The cause and effect essay writing has critical character, though it may at the same time be funny, if the topic has humorous nature. It is highly recommended to present the cause and effect essay in a thorough manner. The writer has to present the cause background with all important details in order to provide his reader with an opportunity to understand the meaning of the written paper. The point is that no matter how hard you may try to provide your essay with the best proofs, you have to be ready that the readers may have absolutely contrary opinion on your topic and some of them can become even aggressive towards your opinion. Professional writer is aware about the main purpose of the cause and effect essay and won’t be discouraged by meeting the contrary opinions of the readers. Qualified and confident author always presents truth, no matter what comments it can bring about. Thus, cause and effect essay writing is an outstanding opportunity to express what you have inside, behind the visual appearance. The majority of people won’t pay much attention to your cause and effect essay. They will just read it quickly and forget about it next moment they find something more interesting. Nobody is going to sit and deeply consider what you have written. The point is that, while working on cause and effect essay, the writer has a unique opportunity to open the hearts and minds of different people to the most important things in every day life. Good writer can find the key to the soul of every person and melt his/her heart concerning many things. To write cause and effect essay is a hard and tiresome task. Many people will reject this kind of writing because they feel like they are not critical enough to work on such a hard task and not brave enough to meet the aggressiveness of the opposed minds. If you make up your mind to

Internationalisation of Nicolites e-cigarette in India - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2340 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Introduction There are a number of factors that compel businesses to trade and market their products internationally. For instance, international marketing enables businesses to (1) increase their customer base and market share, (2) minimise their reliance on any single market and (3) avail benefits of becoming multinational brand (Buckley and Ghauri, 2004). Over the last decade and a half, international marketing has become substantial (Hill, 2012); to the extent that consumers barely notice the fact that a majority of the products they consume routinely are either sourced from international markets or contain components that are sourced from international markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Internationalisation of Nicolites e-cigarette in India" essay for you Create order Successful international marketing requires a diligent strategic planning process involving the assessment of the business environment and suitability of the target market. A conductive business environment of the target market and the presence of a lucrative market gap render a target market as suitable (Tallman, 2007). Following this assessment, a brand intending to internationalise needs to plan and execute the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational objectives (Sak and Shaw, 2004 p. 3). This essay relates to the internationalisation of Nicolites, the company that produces Nicolites electronic cigarettes in the UK to the Indian market. This essay evaluates the suitability of India as a selected target market for the expansion of Nicolites. It also evaluates a suitable entry method for Nicolites in India and suggests marketing strategies for the product as well. Market Opportunity Despite being widely considered as hazardous to health, smoking of cigarettes prevails at large across the globe. Therefore, any measures that can reduce the consumption of cigarettes, including providing an alternative for smoking are widely seen as a positive development. Provision of an alternative for smoking tobacco based cigarettes is the core marketing concept behind Nicolites e-cigarette. Nicolites e-cigarette was first introduced in 2007 in UK (Nicolites, 2015). Nicolites e-cigarette does not have any tobacco whatsoever, and hence it is free of more than 4000 known toxic chemicals and substances present in a regular cigarette (Nicolites, 2015). Nicolites e-cigarette is an innovative product that offers smokers a right alternative for regular cigarette through a true simulation of smoking experience which is cleaner, safer and healthier. Despite having a glowing red tip depicting a real flame, Nicolites e-cigarette does not require any flame or fire to burn. Moreover, i t does not cause any unpleasant smoke and odor, or gather smoky residue on walls, clothes, skin and hair of the users (Nicolites, 2015). Justification and Evaluation of the Target Market According to the Datamonitor Market Insights report titled Tobacco in India (2011), the overall tobacco industry in India was estimated to be worth approximately INR 58,730 crores (or $10 bn), in 2009. During the period 2004-2009, tobacco industry in India grew at an average of 8.5 percent; whilst during 2009-2014, it grew at an average of 6.5 percent (Tobacco Free Kids, 2015). The overall tobacco market in India is dominated by smokeless tobacco sales which constitutes 75 percent of the market (Tobacco Free Kids, 2015). Out of the remaining 25 percent tobacco market, 20 percent tobacco consumption comprises of smoking bidi, which is a hand-rolled, small, thin cigarette (Tobacco Free Kids, 2015). Thus manufactured cigarettes form only 5 percent of the market. Despite cigarettes being not one of the most popular tobacco products in India, Indians consumed 96 billion cigarettes in the year 2014, making the country the 6 largest cigarette consuming nation in the world and an important target for international tobacco companies (Tobacco Free Kids, 2015). A large, growing product market of cigarettes in India signals a lucrative product market for alternate products such as Nicolites e-cigarette. Thus it is established that India has a huge potential for alternative products to cigarettes such as Nicolites e-cigarette. After establishing the existence a lucrative market for Nicolites e-cigarettes in India, it is also important to assess whether the overall business environment of India is conductive for international brands. In terms of political environment, the Indian market has become liberal following the reforms in 1991 (Nuruzzaman, 2011). However, the capital market in India remains vulnerable to political changes (Nuruzzaman, 2011). In terms of economy, India has been growing steadily over the last decade. Last year, the Indian economy underwent a 7.5 percent growth (Ayres, 2015). According to the World Bank estimates, Indian economy has become the worl ds third largest economy in purchasing power parity terms (Ayres, 2015). The country has an escalating middle class which will continue to drive its economy and demand. Socially, India has a very diverse population in ethnic, religion, culture and socio-economic terms (Nuruzzaman, 2011). These factors can either be advantageous or disadvantageous for an international brand depending upon how it deals with them. Technologically, the urban centers in India are advancing with most of the urban middle class Indians having access to internet and media technologies through which branding and marketing communication activities can be pursued (Nuruzzaman, 2011). The economic and technological factors of India indicate towards a favorable business environment for Nicolites e-cigarettes. As for the political factors, any adversities posed by the political environment can be easily negated by choosing a right market entry strategy by Nicolites e-cigarette. The social factors of India are unlik ely to be impactful upon Nicolites as the company will most likely target a small niche market in India. Market Entry Selecting an appropriate international marketing entry strategy is a critical important decision within the process of internationalisation as it can be vital for the sustainable competitive advantage of the company (Buckley and Ghauri, 2004). There are many ways in which a brand can enter a foreign market. These can categorized as (1) direct production direct entry, acquisition, and joint-ventures (2) indirect production licensing, franchising, technical agreements, service contracts, etc. or (3) exports indirect, direct agent/distributor, direct branch/subsidiary, etc. (Rugman, 2009). The suitability of one of the above market entry modes for Nicolites depends upon the combination of several internal and external factors (Koch, 2001). For instance, Nicolites is a relatively young, medium size company with around one hundred employees (Nicolites, 2015). The company currently operates only across UK and does not have any international operations. The limited size of the comp any and subsequently its resources coupled with its inexperience in internationalisation makes it very unlikely for Nicolites to adopt a direct production as a market entry method. Direct production methods are the most capital and resource intensive methods of market entry requiring highest levels of commitment from the internationalising firm (Ireland, et al. 2011). Moreover, although Nicolites is the largest UKs e-cigarette brand (Evening Standard, 2013); it currently does not have the global brand equity and popularity of a multinational company. Therefore, Nicolites is less likely to be able to attract investors to operate franchises in India or secure favorable license agreements for indirect production. Resultantly, the internal factors of the company oblige it to pursue internationalisation through exports. Exporting local products to a foreign market is perhaps the most simplest and common methods of entry in international markets. Exporting involves sending goods from the home country to another for distribution, sales and services (Ireland, et al. 2008). Since the amount of goods exported can vary, exporting enables internationalising firms to move into an international market in a controlled manner that is, without risking high capital or making intensive commitments initially. This gradual process of market entry provides internationalising firms with the opportunity to explore the prospects of the target market and gain knowledge and experience before making large investments (McDonald and Burton, 2002). It is noteworthy that exporting strategy is vulnerable to exporting tariffs and can often face supply chain/logistics challenges in getting their goods to the international markets and eventually to the end-consumers (Ireland, et al. 2008). Additionally, exporting firms may also face difficulties in managing and dealing with local distributors (Ireland, et al. 2008). In case of NIcolites, exporting is the seemingly the most appropriate m arket entry method, as this method will negate any major risks of failure by allowing the company to gain experience in many facets of international business and particularly learn about the Indian market. This method will incur the least amount of initial costs for internationalisation. Considering that Nicolites products are value added finished goods, Nicolites will find it most suitable to continue to use its existing production facilities and supply chain to manufacture e-cigarettes and export it to international destinations. In order to overcome the challenges related to distribution and sales activities, Nicolites can hire its own local managers to avert the disadvantages of underperforming agents in a foreign market. As for the concerns regarding export tariffs, this is less likely to affect the business strategy of Nicolites in India as currently the Indian government has levied heavy taxes on all tobacco products (Narayan, 2015) which make tobacco free Nicolites e-cigaret te an attractive alternative for smokers. Segmentation Targeting customer segments in marketing strategy enables firms to decide ways for acquiring competitive advantage (Proctor, 2000). A market segment is a fraction of the whole target market that has one or more unique attributes that provide it a distinction and sets them apart from other consumer segments (Proctor, 2000 p.24) . Customer segments can be identified through demographic variables such as sex, age groups, family life cycle, literacy, earning, religion, ethnicity, etc.; and geographic variable which divides customer segments according to their localities (Proctor 2000). In India, Nicolites should target upper-middle and upper class consumers specifically from young adults and adult age groups who are open to new technologies and brands from various professional classifications living in upscale urban centers of major metropolises. Marketing Mix After identifying the targeted consumer segments, a firm should then determine a suitable targeting strategy (Kotler, 2000). By applying the marketing mix model in the Indian context, Nicolites can adapt its marketing strategy for Indian consumers. Internationalising firms have a choice of targeting their customers through either a standarised strategy in which standarised products are sold all over the world or through adaptation in which products are localised to meet the preferences of each target market. In the current context, it is suggested to apply a mix of both these targeting strategies. Product Nicolites has a trusted reputation as a brand and offers a high level of choice to its consumers in terms of strength and flavour of its products (Evening Standard, 2013). Moreover, Nicolites uses most advance cartomiser technology for e-cigarettes unlike most other brands which use 3 piece models that are associated with poor quality and leak (Evening Standard, 2013). Therefore, it is suggested that Nicolites should export the same high quality products in India to target its affluent consumers; although the company can bring in some variation in the strength and flavour of its e-cigarettes according to local preferences. Price From the four basic pricing strategies that is (1) premium pricing, (2) penetration pricing, (3) economy pricing, and (4) price skimming (Kotler, 2000) the current pricing strategy of Nicolites can be termed as premium. In India, the company should pursue the same pricing strategy to target its affluent consumers. Place In the UK, Nicolites works in conjuncture with a number of high street retail firms such as Tesco, Superdrug, WH Smiths, Co-op, Sainsbury, etc. as well as local newsagents and online (Evening Standard, 2013). Partnering with the National Federation of Retail Newsagents (NFRN), Nicolites has been filling the shelves of local corner shops across the country in pursuit of penetration and consolidation (Ansoff, 1965) growth strategy. In India, Nicolites can similarly distribute its products through high street retailers in upscale posh area of urban centers. Promotion Nicolites pursues a push strategy (Kotler, 2000) in UK in which it tries to make its e-cigarettes available in as many high street and corner shops as possible to penetrate the market. However, in India, it should focus on creating a niche market of affluent consumers out of the 5% consumers of manufactured cigarettes through a pull strategy (Kotler, 2000). In this way, it will be able to establish a superior international brand image in the minds of its consumers and increase its attractiveness among them. Conclusion This essay concludes that in order to expand the consumer base of the company and negate its reliance on a single market, Nicolites e-cigarette should internationalise its brand and enter the lucrative Indian market which is the 6th largest consumer of cigarettes in the world through exports. India has good market prospects for alternative cigarette products and a conductive environment for international businesses. By using a mix of standardised and localised marketing strategies, Nicolites should target the upper-middle and affluent class consumers of the country to pursue its international ambitions. References Ansoff, H. (1965), Corporate Strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill Ayres, A (2015). Economic Growth and Indias Global Rise. Forbes. Available from https://www.forbes.com/sites/alyssaayres/2015/08/17/economic-growth-and-indias-global-rise/ Buckley, P. and Ghauri, P. (2004) Globalization, Economic Geography and International Business, Journal of International Business Studies 35(2), 1-18. Datamonitor Market Insights, (20011).Tobacco in India An insight into the Indian tobacco market. Datamonitor Report Published: Feb 11 | Code: DMCM4789 Evening Standard (2013). Nicolites officially becomes the largest UK brand of electronic cigarette. Available from https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/nicolites-officially-becomes-the-largest-uk-brand-of-electronic-cigarette-8463753.html Hill, C. (2012) International Business. New York: McGraw Hill Education. Ireland, R. Hoskisson, R. and Hitt, M. (2008). Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and Cases. Mason: Cengage Learning. Ire land, R. Hoskisson, R. and Hitt, M. (2011). Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts Plus. Mason: Cengage Learning. Koch, A. J. (2001). Factors influencing market and entry mode selection: Developing the MEMS model. Marketing Intelligence Planning. 19:5 351-361 Kotler, P (2000) Marketing Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall McDonald, F. and Burton, F. (2002) International Business. London: Cengage Learning. Narayan, A (2015). Indian Tobacco Giant Tries Short Cigarettes as Taxes Hit Demand. Bloomberg. Available from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-15/india-tobacco-giant-tries-short-cigarettes-as-taxes-hit-demand Nuruzzaman, A. (2011). Indian Futures Market: An Analysis. Research Scholar, Department Business Administration, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 7(2) Dec., 2011 Proctor, T (2000), Strategic Marketing: An Introduction, London: Routledge Rugman, A (2009). The Oxford Handbook of International Business. New York: Oxford Un iversity Press. Sak, O and Shaw, J., (2004). Process of International Marketing. International marketing: analysis and strategy (4th ed.) London: Routledge. Tallman, S. (2007). A New Generation in International Strategic Management. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar. Tobacco Free Kids (2015). The Global Cigarette Industry. Available from https://global.tobaccofreekids.org/files/pdfs/en/Global_Cigarette_Industry_pdf.pdf

TOURISM INCENTIVE GOOD OR BAD INITIATIVE IN TOURISM INDUSTRY - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2241 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Tourism Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? TOURISM INCENTIVE: GOOD OR BAD INITIATIVE IN TOURISM INDUSTRY ABSTRACT Tourism industry is sixth largest contributor to the national revenue. The industry is geared by various key players. Many factor affecting the increased demand and successful operation of tourism industry. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "TOURISM INCENTIVE: GOOD OR BAD INITIATIVE IN TOURISM INDUSTRY" essay for you Create order The factors are wide coverage of promotion, better public and tourist-related services and grant of funds and incentives. Is there any subsidies involve; as subsidies sometimes may result to an inappropriate end. In addition, does the funds and incentives given is the main pulling factors of increased revenue in tourism industry. Thus, the paper will explore the good and the bad side, if any, of the funding and incentives initiative in tourism industry. The discussing also covers the implementation of the incentive and the achievement of it. Keywords: tourism industry, funds and incentives, tourism promotion. ABSTRAK Industri pelancongan merupakan penyumbang terbesar keenam kepada pendapatan negara. Industri ini digerakkan oleh pelbagai pihak secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan permintaan dan kejayaan operasi industri pelancongan. Antara faktor-faktor tersebut adalah liputan promosi yang meluas, penyediaan perkhidmatan awam dan perkhidmatan berkaitan pelancongan yang lebih baik dan pemberian dana dan insentif. Adakah terdapat apa-apa dana dan insentif yang melibatkan pemberian subsidi, kerana kadang kala ia boleh mengakibatkan kesan luar jangka yang berlainan dan tidak dikehendaki. Walau bagaimanapun, adakah dana dan insentif yang diberikan adalah faktor utama menarik peningkatan pendapatan dalam industri pelancongan. Oleh itu, kertas itu akan meneroka kesan baik dan buruk, jika ada, pembiayaan dan inisiatif insentif dalam industri pelancongan. Perbincangan juga meliputi pelaksanaan insentif dan pencapaian dalam pelaksanaan insentif yang terlibat. Kata kunci: pelancongan, dana dan insentif, promosi pelancongan. INTRODUCTION Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s planning towards Vision 2020 is a noble intention to be a developed nation as well as high-income nation. As such, Malaysia had undergone several transformation and reformation in policy and way forward. The planning gradually changes from agricul tural centric to industrial centric. From small scale to a larger high-end scale. All these effort done to gain better revenue for the country, to provide better living and achieving high-income nation in the near future. There are several means and sources of nation revenue in order to gain rapid economic growth. One of the sources is from tourism industry. Tourism industry plays a vital role for the economic development and economic growth. Therefore, a special and dedicated ministry and organizations have been established to work on the tourism industry. Different organization tackles different elements and parts of the tourism industry. Some organization provides facilities while the other provides services such as promotion. On the hand, government usually provides funds and incentives as well as promotion of the tourism industry. Legal framework also provided and put in place in order to control and manage the tourism industry. The effectiveness of the role by the player s is a must. Public awareness and promotion must be handled properly and runs as wide as possible; nationally and internationally. Thus, the objective of this paper is to look into the implementation of incentive programs by the agencies; government and non-government organization. The paper try to examine whether there is adverse impact, side impact or bad impact through the implementation of the incentive program. References have been made to several materials from articles, journals and websites to gain information on the subject matter. TOURISM INCENTIVE PROGRAMS AND FUNDS INITIATIVES There are several incentive and funds provided by the government to the tourism industry player. Such incentives have been introduced to promote the tourism industry. In fact, there is a special act enacted to promote investment including tourism sector. One of it, Promotion and Investment Act 1986, hotel businesses and tourism related activities are eligible for pioneer status or investme nt tax allowance to promote the sector[1]. Tax incentive have been define as provisions in the tax legislation that give privileges treatment to specific industries and activities considered crucial for development[2]. The investment tax allowance as stated above is given for establishment of medium and low cost hotels, tourist projects, conventions centres and recreational campus. In addition, it includes the expansion of existing hotels and the modernisation of tourist projects. Such projects are very important to promote tourism industry to local inbound and outbound tourist. Furthermore, this allowance does not end there. The hotels which have been granted with these status can further apply and eligible for Industrial Building Allowances (IBA)[3]. The hotels operator or owner will be given 2% annual allowance on the capital expenditure on the construction or purchase of a building used in the hotel business. There are also incentives for reinvestment in hotel. This inc entive is above and over the investment tax allowance which have been discussed earlier. This is another round of allowance. All these allowance incentive; pioneer status, investment tax allowance and incentive for reinvestment, are available upon application to be submitted to Malaysia Investment Development Authority (MIDA) and applicable until 2016[4]. Besides that, there are other incentives for the tourism industry. Income Tax Act 1967 provides incentives of exemption from tax as statutory income level. The exemption includes group and domestic tours. Companies which handled at least 500 foreign tourists a year will be exempted from tax. Same goes to domestic tour package with at least 1200 local tourist per year. However, this exemption tax incentive is only up to year 2006 only. These incentive falls under several government agencies in Malaysia. Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE), Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA) and Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MOTAC) are several government agencies that involve directly in tourism industry. They provide the incentive in tourism sector to promote, upgrade and develop the industry. Hotel and tours operators are the main beneficiaries from the incentive and fund provided by the government. They can have double deduction for promoting tourism in overseas[5]. For example, they can benefit from double deduction of tax for expenditure on publicity and advertisement in any mass media outside Malaysia. Similarly, any expenditure on market research for new markets overseas may have benefited by the deduction too. These deductions incentive is given to acknowledge the promotion of Malaysian tourism outside Malaysia. Moreover, MOTAC also provide Tourism Infrastructure Funds. It is purposely initiated to assist tourism entrepreneurs to develop or expand the tourism-related projects development[6]. This program is a financing program to tourism project including acquisition o f land up to 40% maximum from the actual cost. This fund is eligible for projects in Malaysia for integrated and regional tourism centre, attractions, facilities and complexes. On the other hands, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) which is operating transnationally also provides fund for tourism industry. But, the fund is more on the nature protection purposes. The WWF is reported to assist hotels and destination for environment upgrading[7]. It is the objective of the organization to promote and protect the environmental be it flora or fauna. As such, there are a lot of incentive and funds provided in Malaysia for tourism industry. Only several of them are briefly discussed as per above writing. Other incentives are expected to be provided until the targets for tourism industry are fully achieved. INCENTIVE: ARE THERE ANY CONSs OVER PROs? Reviewing the incentive and funds provided above, it shows that the incentive had contributed to the increased revenue from the tourism secto r. The tourism sector revenue increased from year to year. In 2013, the tourism industry ranked as sixth largest contributor to the national economy[8]. It is 8.1% growth increased from 2012 foreign exchange earnings. This increment is partly resulted from the incentives programs and funds provided. It is also agreed by some scholars that hotel and other services are influenced by the tourism industry. A strong tourism industry and growth of the sector ensured rapid expansion of development of hotel[9]. Not only hotels are built, other ancillary services are also rapidly built up due to the rapid growth of the industry. However, does the implementation of the incentive and funds run smoothly? It is reported that 3648 new 4-5 star hotel have been built and completed in 2012 coming from the fund and incentive introduced by the government[10]. Despite the completed project, there are also hotel which still under construction which is expected to be delivered in early 2014. The go vernment believe in the successful of this program and looking forward to bring more 4-5 star hotels. In the implementation of the incentive, there is at least a dispute among the hotel operators. The dispute might be between the ministry or Inland Revenue Department. In Saujana Hotel Sdn Bhd v Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri[11], the eligibility of the allowance has been questioned. It is fact that the Saujana Hotel Sdn Bhd (Saujana Hotel) had applied for investment tax allowance and been granted. However, the application for industrial building allowance have been rejected or stopped after the expiration of five (5) years investment tax allowance. The court held that Promotion of Investment Act 1986 did not restrict time period as limitation imposed to investment tax allowance. Meanwhile, there are debates on the pioneer status incentive or also known as tax holiday in international arena. It is argued and critics that tax holiday incentive are one of least efficient and t he most costly[12]. This incentive is said to be unnecessary as the profitable projects would be pursued regardless of the incentives. The business in the tourism industry of hotel operators and building of it is a profitable one. Thus, the incentive is no more efficient to be out into the picture. CONCLUSION The initiative to provide incentives and funds program under tourism industry have developed the tourism industry in Malaysia. There are no forms of subsidies-like incentive as the literatures have been reviewed. The incentive program turn to be a good starting point to further upgrade the tourism sector and industry in order to achieved high income nations as well as developed nation. The incentive does give a handful help towards tourism player. Tourism business which is formed part and parcel of the tourism industry might benefited a lot from the steps taken. There are still a room for improvement. Destination branding is one of major part in packaging tourism for t he domestic and inbound outside tourists. There is research done to associate destination brand images to the business[13]. This association are rarely apprehend in Malaysia, or might been look into indirectly. We usually see that our tourism destination is not properly managed. The destination brand images should be one of the opportunities under the incentive program to sustain and maintain the tourism destination. Projects need to be relooked most probably every year to accommodate more tourists in the future. A mass use of the tourist destination surely need time to be regenerated and refresh to a new look. Currently, the incentive program is only focussing on the hotel and tour operators. It is high time that the incentive should be widen to cover the nature protection as well similar to the move by WWF side by side with the maintenance of the site. As environmental law and issue might grow stronger and louder, the steps to protect nature and the environment need to be gr anting some funds or incentives, especially from government agencies. Besides, the incentive towards low cost facilities should also been continued. It should not stop like the group tour operators because the incentive might be good for small and medium enterprises. The small companies need some pump-in to score goals in their business as the incentive given to bigger companies to erect 4-5 star hotels. Thus, it would be much appreciated if the incentive also covers the SMEs. Finally, the government and the private sectors need to work hand in hand and not only chasing the incentive but rather focussing to upgrade and develop the tourism industry in particular and the nation in a whole. REFERENCES Anne-Mette Hjalager , MCB University Press, Quality In Tourism Through The Empowerment Of Tourists, Managing Service Quality, Volume 11, Number 4, 2001, pp. 287-295 Brendan Williams, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Fiscal Incentives And Urban Regeneration In Dublin 1986-2 005, Journal of Property Investment Finance, Vol. 24 No. 6, 2006, pp. 542-558. Graham Hankison, Journal of Service Marketing, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Destination Brand Images: A Business Tourism Perpective, 19/1 (2005) 24-32. Lydia Thiagarajah, Jeyapalan Kasipillai, Malaysian Law Journal Articles [2012] 4 MLJ ixx, Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tax Holiday Incentive: A Bouquet Or A Brickbat?, 2012. Saujana Hotel Sdn Bhd v Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri [2011] 9 MLJ 213 www.kpmg.com.my/kpmg/publications/tax/tm/chapter5.pdf www.matrade.gov.my, Hotel and Tour Operators. www.mida.gov.my, Incentive For Tourism Industry. www.motac.gov.my, Tourism Infrastructure Funds. www.pemandu.gov.my, ETP Annual Report 2012, page 127. www.tourism.gov.my, Media Release, 27 February 2014. [1] www.kpmg.com.my/kpmg/publications/tax/tm/chapter5.pdf [2] Lydia Thiagarajah, Jeyapalan Kasipillai, Malaysian Law Journal Articles [2012] 4 MLJ ixx, Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tax Holiday Incentive: A bouquet or a brickbat?, 2012. [3] Supra, page 48. [4] Incentive For Tourism Industry (www.mida.gov.my) [5] Hotel and tour operators (www.matrade.gov.my) [6] Tourism Infrastructure Funds (www.motac.gov.my) [7] Anne-Mette Hjalager , MCB University Press, Quality In Tourism Through The Empowerment Of Tourists, Managing Service Quality, Volume 11, Number 4, 2001, pp. 287-295 [8] Media Release, 27 February 2014 (www.tourism.gov.my) [9] Brendan Williams, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Fiscal Incentives And Urban Regeneration In Dublin 1986-2005, Journal of Property Investment Finance, Vol. 24 No. 6, 2006, pp. 542-558. [10] ETP Annual Report 2012, page 127 (www.pemandu.gov.my) [11] [2011] 9 MLJ 213 [12] Lydia Thiagarajah, Jeyapalan Kasipillai, Ma laysian Law Journal Articles, [2012] 4 MLJ ixx, Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tax Holiday Incentive: A Bouquet Or A Brickbat?, 2012. [13] Graham Hankison, Journal of Service Marketing, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Destination Brand Images: A Business Tourism Perpective, 19/1 (2005) 24-32.