How to Use Facebook Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to Use Facebook - Assignment Example You first need to fill out a sign-up form which needs you to enter your first and last name, address, birthday, and finally, your gender. You would be required to come up with a password and an email which you will use to log in into the Facebook account. Verify your account: once you have completed the process of creating the account, you will see a message on the newsfeed at the top of the page notifying you that an activation email has been sent to the address you signed up with. Once the account is verified, you can commence making use of Facebook. By clicking the ‘Edit Profile link which underneath your picture in the top-left corner, you can add information your Facebook accounts such as relationship status, hometown, current home, favorite quotes, religious views, and political views. Next, is reviewing your available options. This menu permits you to modify the basic privacy settings that affect your whole Facebook account. Customizing your settings can assist you to keep personal information private. This is because as a result of the social nature of Facebook, persons have a tendency of posting a lot of personal information (Harri, 2104). Enter the name, phone number of the person into the search bar and search. Click the results from the list and then click the button ‘Add friend.’ When the other person accepts the friend request, you automatically become friends (Harri, 2104). Respond to friend requests. Since you have started to use Facebook, you will also receive friend requests from other users and you can accept or decline the request. Next, to each request, you will observe the number of mutual friends you have with that particular individual. You can also like pages on Facebook. Begin by searching for musicians, artists, businesses, famous people, organizations, and more using the Facebook search bar.  

The Social Cost of Carbon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

The Social Cost of Carbon - Essay Example The adverse impacts may be in the form of poorer health outcomes, loss or harm to biodiversity, economic weakening of agricultural, timber, water and energy industries, as well as the loss or destruction of coastal resources. The important feature of these detrimental effects is that they are not borne by the immediate parties in any economic transactions. In economists’ terminology they are ‘externalities’; however, they are experienced by the wider society (Putnam, 2007). In choosing the carbon reduction policy to be implemented, the social cost of carbon can be used at least in theory, as an indicator of whether society would be benefited by using the policy. Thus, if a social cost of carbon at  £70 per tonne is accepted, a carbon reduction policy that reduces emissions at more than  £70 per tonne would be rejected. However, the â€Å"social cost of carbon has been criticised as being too uncertain to provide the basis for policy decision making† (Putnam, 2007, p.28). It has been argued that it is not possible to monetarily assess climate change damage such as loss of ecosystems and large-scale population displacement, because of the difficulty in establishing the upper limit of the costs. Hence, for policy decision making, a single financial evaluation of the social cost of carbon should be avoided. The Government and Committee on Climate Change is also required to include the factor of sustainable development, because an exclusive emphasis on carbon reduction may result in adverse outcomes in other environmental areas such as biodiversity. For example, it is essential to consider certain substitutions and transactions between â€Å"the need to reduce carbon emissions, the impacts on local wildlife, and the financial costs of minimising such impacts† (Putnam, 2007, p.28), when planning key renewable energy projects such as wind farms and tidal barrages. A fairly recent and

Video Game Causes Behavioral Problems Psychology Essay

Video Game Causes Behavioral Problems Psychology Essay Firstly, one of the major concerns of video games is that they increase the nature of violence among the youth. The Harvard medical school or the Journal of adolescent health, as well as the British medical journal have concluded that there is a huge link between video game and violence. Researchers have found out that there is a certain pattern between video game and the behavioral problems associated with the video games, and Television shows. Scholars and researchers have said over and over again that Video games make kids more violent each time they play the game. A research was done which was brain scanning of children who played violent games like Call of duty the study showed that the answer was yes. Video games do make kids more violent. Researchers at the University of Indiana said that brain scans of kids who played a violent video game in comparison to kids who played no games showed a negative increase in the emotion of those children who played the game. According to aut hor Vince Mathews, parents should look more closely at the types of games their children are playing. He said I think parents should be aware of the relationship between violent video-game playing and brain function. Video games cause addiction which leads to children spending considerable time playing games resulting in neglect of more important activities. Perhaps excess of anything is bad and video games are no exception. In his article Video Games Addiction, Media literacy specialist, Dr. Charles Ungerleider states that if a youngster becomes addicted to video games it can be a problem. He explains that wanting to improve their gaming skills is not a problem in itself, but it becomes a problem if video games are taking a youngster away too much from other activities. Then the parent has to intervene and limit the amount of time the youngster spends with the video game. According to Mary Schlimme in a 2002 article titled: Do We Need a Video Gamers Anonymous? Video game addicts are often described by clinicians in the field as displaying many symptoms characteristic of other addictions. According to her article, Addiction includes such behavior as failure to stop playing games, difficulties in work or school, telling lies to loved ones, decreased attention to personal hygiene, decreased attention to family and friends, and disturbances in the sleep cycle. Schlimme quotes Dr Orzack that many game addicts have struggled with finding their place in society and as a result play video games in order to become part of a crowd. This in turn influences the game players to show off their achievements in front of their associate group. Excessive video game playing may not only cause behavioral and social changes in a person, but it may also result in neurological changes. Fourth paragraph third argument Even if video games and videos do not directly create killers and murderers out of the young people they may tend to contribute towards insensitivity and indifference towards violence. This is worrying because it may change the profile of the society in the longer run. In an article published in the Time Magazine on 10th May 1999 author and editors Joshua Quittner, Maryanne Buechner and Jay Ehrlich say The question isnt whether games make children kill, because it isnt that simple. The concerns are subtler yet no less worrisome. Do graphically violent games desensitize children to violence? Do such games teach kids to take pleasure in the suffering and death of others? Nicholas Carnagey, an Iowa State psychology instructor and research assistant, and ISU Distinguished Professor of Psychology Craig Anderson and Brad Bushman wrote published an article The Effects of Video Game Violence on Physiological Desensitization to Real-Life Violence in the Journal of Experimental Social Psycholo gy. In this paper, the authors define desensitization to violence as a reduction in emotion-related physiological reactivity to real violence. Their latest study tested 257 college students (124 men and 133 women) individually. The results demonstrate that playing violent video games, even for just 20 minutes, can cause people to become less physiologically aroused by real violence. According to the article It appears that individuals who play violent video games habituate or get used to all the violence and eventually become physiologically numb to it. Fifth paragraph Transition Paragraph Supporter of the video games do not seem to take the issues seriously. Despite this overwhelming evidence that video game causes violence and behavior problems in many developing children and in adolescents there are supportes who believe that there are advantages to video games in todays society. Key finding states in a research titled Internet Fantasy Violence: A Test of Aggression in an Online Games carried out in 2005 by Williams, D. Skoric, M states there was no effect on levels of aggressiveness or in belief and behaviors of the gamers who were engaged in a violent massive multiplayer online role-playing game. Cheryl K. Olson, professor of Psychiatry at the Harvard Medical Schools Center for Mental Health and Media, in her 2004 article in the journal Academic Psychiatry Media Violence Research and Youth Violence Data: Why Do TheyConflict? examines statements about the relation between violent video games and real-life violence. First, Dr. Olson notes that there is no evidence that targeted violence has increased in Americas schools. While such attacks have occurred in the past, they were and are extremely rare events. She goes on to write that, Theres no indication that violence rose in lockstep with the spread of violent games. In a 2002 presentation that updated their earlier comprehensive review of the literature on games and violence, Dr. Van Eeenwyk from the Washington State Department of Health presented information indicating that after controlling for psychosocial factors, association between aggression and playing video games was not statistically significant. This review was based on available objective research and was conducted by the State of Washington at the request of the state legislature. MIT professor Hennery Jenkins points out, 90 percent of boys and 40 percent of girls play video games. The overwhelming majority of kids who play do NOT commit antisocial acts. And, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the strongest risk factor for school shootings centere d on mental stability and quality of home life, not media exposure. Supporters of video games say that Professor Jenkins is trying to say is its not the video games that cause the violence, its completely different factors. Critics claim that video games are addictive has also been refuted by some supporters of the video games. In a response to a proposal in 2007 to designate video game addiction as a mental disorder akin to alcoholism, doctors and supporters of video games opposed the proposal. There is nothing here to suggest that this is a complex physiological disease state akin to alcoholism or other substance abuse disorders, and it doesnt get to have the word addiction attached to it, said Dr. Stuart Gitlow of the American Society of Addiction Medicine and Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New York. The supporters of video games rgue that video game, computer and television provide education to children, that it provides help with their studies as well as educational institutio ns are using video games as one of the material for teaching. According to child experts and psychologists Video games give the childrens brain a real workout.   In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking.   These skills are not even taught at school.   Some of the mental skills trained by video games include: Following instructions  and Hand-eye coordination Research also suggests that people can learn i visual attention skills from video games.   There have been even studies with adults showing that experience with video games is related to better surgical skills. Some supporters of video games say that video games teach children to plan and build their strategic thinking. children learn while playing video games. Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad is Good For You: How Todays Popular Culture is Actually Making Us Smarter, calls this telescoping. Gamers must deal with immediate problems while keeping their long-term goal s on their horizon. Sixth paragraph Refutation of opponents counter- argument While there are researchers and supporters who claim that the video games do not have an effect on the increase in aggression and violence in the behavior of the gamers, yet those researches and studies are not based on modern scientific lines. Those studies are not as comprehensive and as scientific as those carried out by Craig Anderson, David Grossman or others. The supporters studies are generalized and are based more on hypothetical basis rather than actual scientific methodology. As proved by the various researches quoted above, their findings are flawed. Seventh paragraph Refutation of opponents counter- argument Supporters of the video games say that video games are healthy and educational. They claim Video games give the childrens brain a real workout.   In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. However, the fact is that addiction to video games causes not only health and other problems, including social ones, but also results in poor school results and grades, lack of concentration to academics and class activities. The critics have always disputed this claim about video games contributing to health and education. Dr. Louis Kraus of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and a psychiatrist at Rush University Medical Center, has stated The more time kids spend on video games, the less time they will have socializing, the less time they will have with their families, the less time they will have exercising. They can make up academic deficits, but they cant make up the social ones, he said. Researcher Douglas Gentile, from Iow a State University, found that 8.5 percent of 1,178 youths studied are addicted to video games, using the same standards for addiction used for pathological gamblers. As a result of this, one in ten youths, may be suffering from family, social, school or psychological damage. In the case of video game addiction, the youth studied were found to have attention deficits in school, resulting in lower grades and even health problems. Video game addiction may be a sign of an underlying problem, such as depression. says Doug Gentiles report. Final paragraph Conclusion. Based on the above research it is clearly evident that violent video games contribute to the aggressive and violent behavior and addiction to video games. However, considering some of the advantages of the video games, their use must not be prohibited. Parents and guardians should do the following to reduce the effect of violence. Monitor video game play the same way one needs to monitor television and other media. Parents are responsible to be kind, loving but at the same time attentive and firm to properly discipline their wards. An aggressive child is more a product of dysfunctional parenting than anything else, including violent games and TV.   To avoid possibilities of addiction, parents should attempt to provide a variety of entertainment to their children. It would be a good idea to make sure that children read quality books, involve themselves in sports and interact with other children and their friends.

The Loneliness of Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

The Loneliness of Hamlet Hamlet was a lonely, isolated character, with few friends, and little faith in humanity. His loneliness played a great role in his downfall, by alienating him from his friends and family and eventually taking control of his actions. He did not share the knowledge of his father's murder or the appearance of the ghost with anyone. He couldn't even trust his friends and family, and he hid his true feelings from his only love, Ophelia, driving her to suicide. These events lead eventually to his downfall, and could have been avoided by sharing his dilemma. Two of Hamlets friends, Horatio and Marcellus, were standing watch at the castle one night when they witnessed the first apparition of the ghost of Hamlet's father. They decided to confide in their friend, and tell Hamlet of what had taken place. The following night, the three of them all stood watch to wait for the ghost. It appeared, and informed Hamlet that his uncle, Claudius, had murdered his father. Immediately following this, Hamlet declared that the event must be kept in secrecy "Never make known what you have seen tonight (I;v;144)." In order to prove the validity of the ghost, Hamlet would have to find proof of his father's murder, without sharing his ideas with anyone. He decided to make believe he was mad, so that the members of the king's court could excuse his behavior as he plotted his revenge. However, as he kept to himself, he became overwhelmed by his "madness" and fell into a deeper state of loneliness, ignoring those close to him, as he contemplated the value of l ife. "...it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the earth seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o'er hanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire-why it appears nothing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapors...(II;ii;289)" As Hamlet tried to prove the murder of his father and have his revenge, Claudius discovered that Hamlet knew the truth. Claudius hired two of Hamlet's friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, to spy on Hamlet in secret, "...be even and direct with me whether you were sent for or no (II;ii;278-79)." Later on, Claudius and Polonius, the father of Ophelia, also spied on Hamlet when he was with Ophelia, trying to discover the cause of his madness "Ophelia, walk you here.

THEME ANALYSIS ON HENRIK IBSEN “A DOLL’S HOUSE”

THEME ANALYSIS ON HENRIK IBSEN â€Å"A DOLL’S HOUSE† A Seminar Paper Presented to Prof. SIMBULAN Language Department College of Arts and Sciences ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY Echague, Isabela In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the course ENGLISH 32 By PEARL JOY VINLUAN TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION * Statements of the problem * Objectives of the Study * Significance of the Study * Scope and Limitations * Definition of Terms II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE III. METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT IV. SYNOPSIS OF THE STORY V.SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION * Summary and Conclusion * Recommendations INTRODUCTION The study of literature has two aspects; one, of simple enjoyment and appreciation; the other, of analysis and description. When we listen to a song that appeals to the ear or read literature that appeals to the heart, for the moment at least, we discover a new world, a world so difficult from ours that it seems to be a world of dreams and fancies. To analyze and explain them may be joyous but nevertheless, an important skill to develop.Our impulse to read and enjoy upon it is a universal one, answering a number of psychological needs that all of us, in certain moods and on certain occasion share. Such needs to be sure, vary greatly from individual to individual, for they are in turn, the product of our separate tastes, experiences and education. They also vary within each of us; they shift and alter as we change and grow. Enjoying Literature, however, means much more than getting pleasure from our reading. Enjoyment also includes understanding. Literature is a kind of mirror that enables us to see ourselves better and to understand what we see.When we read a character like Nora in â€Å"A Doll’s House†, realize that telling the truth will set her free and give her peace of mind. This kind of experience upon understanding literature is one of our greatest sources of enjoyment. Statement of the Problem This study is sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the theme of the story? 2. How is the theme manifested in the story? 3. What is the implication of the theme to the present time? Objective of the Study The objectives of the study are as follows: 1. To find out the theme of the story; 2.

Earthquakes in MEDC’s and LEDC’s

A well-known principle states that the impact of earthquakes in LEDC's or Less Economically Developed Countries is generally more severe when compared with MEDC's or More Economically Developed Countries. This shall be illustrated by comparing the Kobe Earthquake in Japan of 1995 with the Kashmir Earthquake of 2005. The Kobe Earthquake occurred on Tuesday, January 17, 1995, at 05:46 JST in the southern part of Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. It measured 7.2 on the Richter scale and lasted for 20 seconds. The duration of the tremors was around 20 seconds long. The focus of the earthquake was located 16km below the epicentre, on the northern edge of the Awaji Island, approximately 20km from Kobe. The proximity to the city was a major factor of its widespread devastation. The ground moved 18cm horizontally and 12 cm vertically. The Kashmir Earthquake was caused by the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plate boundaries colliding. Its epicentre was located in Azad Kashmir near the city of Muzaffarabad. It occurred at 08:52:37 Pakistan Standard Time (03:52:37 UTC) on 8 October 2005. According to the authorities, 79000 people died. A major factor in the severity of the earthquake was the poor construction – a salient feature of LEDC's. The Indian Plate which was moving 40 mm a year north collided with the Eurasian plate and was forced beneath it. It measured 7.6 on the Richter Scale. As is evident, although the magnitude of both earthquakes was extremely similar, the impacts varied greatly. This was due to many factors, which most if not all are related to the economic situation of the countries. We shall begin by discussing the impacts of each of the earthquakes, thereafter we shall discuss why these effects differed. Kashmir Earthquake Immediately, 1400 people were killed. Buildings were swaying and many collapsed due to the strength of the earthquake. Electricity supplies were cut off, people were trapped in buildings and roads were blocked due to landslides which hindered initial rescue attempts. Of the 8 million who were affected, 100,000 were injured. Several trains on minor lines were derailed while 3.3 million homes were destroyed. These are the crux of the primary effects. Many cars were destroyed, trains were suspended, roads were blocked and in many areas the only way to access was through the air. Due to the impact on the buildings, many small businesses were shut down leading to severe job losses. Pakistan lost a total of approximately $500,000,000, which led to the president of the time, Musharraf, to appeal for international aid including money, tents, medical aid and helicopters. This suffices in illustrating the economic devastation brought to the country through the earthquake. Major hospitals were destroyed, putting the injured in an extremely grave situation, the skyline was practically non-existent and perhaps the worst secondary effect was the phenomena of landslides which destroyed much of the infrastructure and endangered those on the streets. As mentioned earlier, there were a great number of injured, homeless and jobless people. This caused widespread depression, which is understandable when the extended family set-up of households is examined. All in all, more than 87,000 people died and 138,000 were injured. The city's infrastructure was destroyed, clean water was extremely rare, hospitals were destroyed and many were homeless even after a year. This led to major secondary impacts such as outbreaks of diseases due to contaminated water supplies; people were affected with respiratory infections such as pneumonia; and the harsh winter season caused the homeless to suffer. Around 3.3 million people were living in temporary accommodation by the end of the happenings. When we compare the impacts of the Kashmir earthquake with the Kobe earthquake, we find that the primary effects are similar. These include the fact that buildings collapsed and the fact that many trains derailed. Numerous bridges and expressways collapsed and 120 of the 150 quays in the port of Kobe were destroyed as well as gas and electricity supplies being disrupted. Fires were set off due to destroyed gas pipes and electricity mains causing a further 7500 houses to burn. The roads were gridlocked causing delays in emergency services. 716 aftershocks were recorded and these lasted for several days. Industries such as Mitsubishi and Panasonic were forced to close. The death toll, however, was only 5500, injuries were 40,000 and 180,000 houses were destroyed. The newly opened Kansai Airport, due to its brilliant structural foundations, withstood the earthquake, as well as the Akashi Bridge. However, when we consider the fact that the population density of both areas was similar yet the number of dead, homeless and injured was far more in the Kashmir earthquake than that of the Kobe earthquake. By July, in about 5 months, most of the infrastructure such as water, electricity, gas and telephone services were up and running. Most buildings in commercial areas were repaired and the places affected by fires had been cleared. Rail services were back in service by August. A year later, 80% of the port was functional i.e. all but the Expressway. There was an increase in the technology used to determine information on earthquakes and movements in the region, and steps were implemented to make sure that devastation to that scale would not occur again. When the impacts of the 2 earthquakes are compared, it becomes clear that, although the population density of both areas were similar and the magnitude of both were similar, the death, injured and homeless figures are totally out of proportion, with Kashmir suffering a greater loss than Japan. This is also the case when the speed of recovery of the areas is considered, and it can be safely concluded that the infrastructure was more reliable in Kobe than in Kashmir. In addition, Japan's economy was able to self-fund the aid whereas Musharraf was left begging the international community for aid. We shall examine each of these points in detail in the forthcoming paragraphs. Firstly, in order to understand where the problem lies, one must examine the details in chronological order. We find that the primary effects were extremely similar with buildings falling, electricity, gas and water supplies being disrupted, roads blocked etc. In some instances, we even find that Japan was hit worse such as the fact that the gas supplies were set alight causing fires. However, we see that each figure is out of proportion as this table illustrates: Japan Kashmir Dead 5500 87,350 Homeless 230,000 3.3 Million Injured 40,000 138,000 In my opinion, the vast amount of people who died in the Kashmir earthquake could have boiled down to a number of factors. Illiteracy and Ignorance of emergency procedure when an earthquake strikes could have posed as a major factor in the amount of people that died. This idea could be further strengthened when you consider that many people in LEDC's do not possess modern education. This is insofar as a the personal scale goes. On a governmental scale, due to the other priorities of LEDC's, little emphasis would be placed on these types of events due to their minute chance of occurring. The government may wish to focus on other matters. This idea could be strengthened when we are to couple this fact with the reality of the Pakistani government which, according to a 2007 report of Transparency International, Pakistan ranks 7th most corrupt country in the world. It is highly likely that money may have been filtered in the wrong places. When compared with Japan, we see that they immediately increased the number of seismic instruments to record earth movements in the region. This would reduce the likeliness of it occurring again which is possibly the most important thing to do for the government. In addition, the Japanese government decreed that buildings were to be built much more strongly and outlined a new set of guidelines for this to take place. This would place too much of a burden on the Pakistani government. Although these long-term causes should be rectified, other short-term causes should be identified. These include that, since Saturday was a normal school day, many school children were studying and as a result were buried under collapsed schools. It was also during the month of Ramadan, when people were taking a nap after their pre-dawn meal, hence they may not have had enough time to escape. Entire villages were simply wiped out like this. In conclusion, although it is expected that LEDC's like Kashmir would be hit worse than MEDC's such as Japan due to their economies, it is nevertheless possible to prevent such grave impacts that took place in Kashmir happening again. The people should be educated with emergency procedures, the government should invest in relevant technology which would indicate and warn them ahead of time when seismic activity was occurring. In addition, the government should outline new guidelines for buildings in which they are earthquake resistant just as Japan did. These would strain the economy in the short-term, although in the long term this would relieve the economy should an earthquake such as this one would take place again.

triple alliance essays

triple alliance essays In the late eighteen hundreds a new alliance was being born in Europe. Many countries started an alliance but three major countries joined together. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy we the three major countries that wanted a better life for there people. Those three countries were called the triple alliance. You will be reading about why they formed the triple alliance, who where there enemies, and what happened to them after the war. The German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck formed the triple alliance in 1882. He hoped that the triple alliance would make other countries like Russia or France hesitate to attack one of the members of the triple alliance. This was a good idea for Austria-Hungary when Russia chooses to attack them. With the triple alliance Germany then declared war on Russia. That was one reason why they formed the triple alliance, to have, as you would say each other's back. Another good reason they formed the triple alliance was to have a powerful blockade in central Europe. France had a difficult time sending messages across the blockade. Another reason is that Italy and Austria-Hungary where not friendly toward each other. This alliance brought them a little bit closer and friendlier toward each other. After the Triple Alliance formed, the rest of the countries in Europe saw that they were at a disadvantage. They had to fight back so they created the Triple Entente. The countries that where from the entente were Great Britain, France, and Russia. Britain and France had to stop fighting each other to fight the triple alliance. Russia joined the Entente because they had a feud going on with Austria- Hungary. And with the entente Russia had a back up plan in case they lost. Britain joined France because when Germany attacked France they went through the Netherlands and Britain saw this and was enraged so they declared war on Germany as well as the triple alliance. Later when the Un...

Curbs and Sidewalks

Curbs and Sidewalks Curbs and Sidewalks Curbs and Sidewalks By Maeve Maddox Rod poses the question: In Spanish the words curb and sidewalk are interchangeable. Is it the same in English?    In U.S. English, the word sidewalk refers to a paved footpath alongside a street or a road. The sidewalk is usually raised above the level of the road. The curb is a stone or concrete edging between the road and the sidewalk. In British usage, curb is spelled kerb. What Americans call a sidewalk, British speakers call the pavement. Merchants that Americans call street vendors or sidewalk vendors are called kerb-merchants or kerb-vendors by British speakers. Curious about the alleged lack of distinction between sidewalk and curb in Spanish, I looked the words up in my New World Spanish Dictionary and found the following: acera: sidewalk; Mexican banqueta encintado: curb (of a sidewalk) bordillo:curb borde de acera: curb Comments from Spanish speakers welcome. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly WordsHow to Punctuate with â€Å"However†Capitalizing Titles of People and Groups

5 Ways Parents Can Help Students Cope With College Rejection or Waitlist

During admission season, we all know what the last thing anyone wants to see is the infamous â€Å"thin letter.† There are many reasons why this document can be scary or stressful to receive, one of the most obvious being that it can indicate a rejection or a waitlisted status from a beloved school. While this let-down is difficult for you as the parent, it may be hard for you to imagine or understand how your child is feeling during this time — especially if they are reluctant to communicate with you. So how do you come to better understand your child without making them feel like you are prying? And how can you best support them when things don’t turn out exactly in their favor? While this thin letter may feel final, it is important to remember that no matter what, there are always alternatives and always other plans that can be made. Keep reading for some tips and tricks on helping your student cope with a rejection or wait list letter! We know how you might be feeling right now: outraged, shocked, surprised, disappointed, upset. These are all really valid, after all, it’s a scary and stressful time!   While it’s ok (and normal ) to be feeling this way, it’s important to take your child’s perspective into account — if you’re panicked, imagine how they must be feeling. After all, it’s their future in question, not yours.  Ã‚   It’s ok to for you to panic in private, but if you demonstrate that you’re very worried to your child, chances are you’ll make them even more worried, and no one needs that.  Ã‚   Try venting to your friends, your spouse, and other adults that you trust, but try to manage your emotions in front of your child.   It might help you to keep your feelings of panic in check by reminding yourself that there are always alternatives! For more information on gaps years, vocational schools and more, check out these posts: In the case of a rejection or a wait list, be sure to let your child take the lead. If they bring up the rejection/waitlist letter, then that probably means they are ready to talk about it! Listen to how they feel and be sure not to overshadow these feelings with your own. After all, it’s your child’s future, not your own. Take the time to talk to your child about their options — are they waiting on other admissions results? Did your child apply to a safety school? How high up on their list was the school they were rejected/waitlisted from? If they were waitlisted, are they considering taking a spot on the list? While your child should be taking the lead in these conversations about admissions results, if your child doesn’t want to talk about it or seems closed off from discussing it, try gently bringing it up by asking questions. For example, you might say something like, â€Å"How did you feel about getting waitlisted from _______?† Again, in these types of conversations, be sure to keep your own emotions in check and let your child lead the discussion—and also be sure to offer sympathy, support, and advice when your child needs it. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. While it’s easy to focus on the negatives in these situations, it is important to keep things in perspective and celebrate every triumph during the tumultuous time that is admissions season. Maybe your child got rejected from their first choice but was accepted to their second choice. Maybe they were only accepted to their safety school. Whatever the positives are, be sure to focus on them and let your child know how special you think they are. You might even consider doing research about, say, a safety school and showing your child all the cool programs/clubs/organizations they could participate in there. You might end up showing them how to look on the bright side and appreciate the options that are in front of them! In situations where some factors are out of your control, it can be extremely helpful to make a plan and think about your next steps. Sit down with your child and ask them what they plan to do. If it’s a waitlist, will they take the spot? If it’s a rejection, are there other college options? If your child hasn’t received any acceptances, have they considered alternative programs like a gap year/vocational school/service year/etc.? Remember to be hopeful but realistic about your child’s options: in the case of planning, it might be a good idea to keep your expectations low but your head high. Making a plan with your child is also a good way to get them to open up and talk about their plans in a larger sense. Consider asking them about career paths they might be interested in as well as their larger hopes and dreams for the future! While you may want to jump ahead to the planning stage or simply power through this one small disappointment, remember to be sensitive to your child. Chances are, they might be feeling differently from you about their admissions results. It is crucial that you allow your child (and yourself) time to process the disappointing news. This doesn’t mean that you must wallow in the negatives. Rather, you should allow time for the two of you to reflect and process the news. Leaving time to process might mean acknowledging your disappointment from time to time. Sometimes one simply needs to be able to say â€Å"Well, this sucks!† and then move on. Keep in mind, though, that sometimes it’s simply not possible to move on overnight—and that’s okay! There is no question that college admissions season is stressful and rejections are disappointing. Unfortunately, this will not be your child’s only time coping with disappointment in adult life, and the example that you set for them now might end up influencing them in the future. You should encourage your child to treat themselves kindly — emphasize self-care and sensitivity, while also encouraging communication, planning, and positive thinking. Finally, though you may still be disappointed about your child’s waitlist or rejection status, you never know what wins could be right around the corner for them— after all, as Thomas Fuller (and Florence + the Machine ) once said, â€Å" the darkest hour is just before the dawn .†

Innate and Adaptive Immunity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Innate and Adaptive Immunity - Assignment Example   IgG antibodies appear after a longer period and then remain in the bloodstream permanently, providing protection against re-infection (New Jersey Department of Health, 2011). In view of this, quarantine should be imposed on the patient if the IgM antibodies are present. This would mean that this is a case of the first infection. Otherwise, the patient should not be quarantined. IgG antibodies can be present in blood because of vaccination (Lab Tests Online, 2012). Question 2 A secondary infection occurs when a pathogen attacks an organism whose immune system is weak due to an earlier infection. Secondary responses result from the stimulation of B cells. The clonal expansion theory has three key areas: specificity, memory, and tolerance. Specificity comes about since the production of antigen-specific antibody is in response to triggering of antigen-reactive clones. Memory is because subsequent responses to an antigen are stronger than the initial one. Tolerance is because of the destruction of self-reactive B and T cells. When an antigen with multiple epitopes gains enters the body, different clones of B cells recognize and produce antibodies against the different epitopes. The pathogens have antigens on their surface. Antibody response to protein antigen actively involves T cells and B cells. Since CD4 T lymphocytes stimulate B cells, they are known as helper T cells. Cytotoxic T cells kill other cells that virus-infected, allografts or cancer cells. Helper T cells secrete cytokines. Cytokines provide amplification mechanism by proliferation and differentiation (stimulation of B cell clonal expansion). They also determine the type of antibodies produced (Sridhar, 2012). Question 3 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks a protein, CD4, on helper T cells of the immune system and associated with it. These cells are the immune system’s main infection-fighting cells. T helper cells are necessary for the activation of B-cells and cytotoxic T-cell immu ne responses. During this time, the body cannot make antibodies properly. Destruction of infected cells cannot occur without helper T-cells. Production of antibodies occurs in an effort to fight the virus. An HIV blood test is one that detects HIV antibodies. The body produces antibodies in response to HIV antigen. Therefore, in as much as the virus is destroying the helper T cells, the body continues to produce antibodies to fight the virus. These are the antibodies detected in an HIV antibody test. A negative result on a blood test means that either the person is not infected or that one is infected, but production of antibodies has not occurred. This is because, after the initial infection, it takes time for the body to produce antibodies. Seroconversion is the process of conversion from antibody negative to antibody positive blood (Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, 2007). Question 4 Innate immunity exists prior to antigenic exposure while adaptive immunity develops in response to antigen exposure. For adaptive immunity, resistance develops with repeated exposure to antigen, but for innate immunity, repeated exposure has no effect on resistance. Innate immunity is not specific to any antigen. The adaptive response, on the other hand, is antigenic specific. This means the ability to respond in a quickly during re-exposure to a pathogen (University of Arizona, 2008).  

Project- designing quality assessment(2500 words)‎ Coursework

Project- designing quality assessment(2500 words)‎ - Coursework Example plan is destined for the assessment of teachers who will work with young people to train them in the installation of personal computers with associated software and peripherals. The ultimate aim of this training is to facilitate subsequent employment of the students. As teachers coming on to this program are skilled in information technology, at least to the level required to teach this course, but may not have had extensive experience in teaching and teaching techniques, this plan will help to assess the teachers in their teaching effectiveness. In the course, the teachers are the students. They learn how to teach. This is done in a specific training program that we name "teach-the-teacher". Our assessment plan is designed to be the logical conclusion of a â€Å"tell-show-do† teaching methodology, where it is first explained to the teachers what they need to assimilate (â€Å"tell†), the practical application is then demonstrated to them (â€Å"show†) and finally a check is made that each teacher can execute the practical tasks required or demonstrate competence in some appropriate way (â€Å"do†). The assessment plan will therefore cover these aspects with theoretical and written assessment tests, as well as practical assessment tests. The assessment is to be administered to the trainee teachers following this "teach-the-teacher" course at the end of the three days of training. The theoretical / written assessments will take place at the desks situated in the classroom used for the training, as a pen and paper exercise, using multiple choice and essay type questions. The practical assessments will take place individually in the classroom itself as well as in rooms adjacent to the classroom to allow sufficient privacy for each trainee teacher and avoid the risk of collusion. Each teacher will answer the questions in the assessment on his or her own, and the grades will be calculated for each individual from the answers given. The correctness of the answers will be

Neo-classical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Neo-classical Theories - Essay Example Direct application of the social control theory would involve the prescription of a punishment as a threat to wrongful social behavior. Offenders like the drunk drivers would be most likely deterred from offending through application of a cover legal implication in the commitment of a crime. In the application of the social theory as a deterrence of drunk drivers, a severe punishment like a five-year imprisonment, without bailing on bond, would be demotivating towards drunk driving (Chui, 2003). Social theory of deterrence equally closely borrows from rational choice theory as a means of deterring a drunk driver from committing an offence. Human beings are rational individuals who can be motivated or demotivated by a punishment, therefore a formal arrest and imprisonment would send a message to those being punished and the potential offenders that the implication for action is constant. Social theory, in deterring an offender from committing an offence, stipulates that the punishment mode and procedure should be uniform and applicable to everyone who commits the offence that is being deterred (O’Malley,

Man versus Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Man versus Nature - Essay Example On the contrary sometimes it becomes like a foe of man in the form of the grim harshness of the rough oceans, thundering and sometimes deadly lightning, earthquakes, tsunamis, violent blizzard and fatal frozen climate. The nature proves its valour through various such disasters and calamities which in a moment destroy the human existence. Famous English poet, William Blake shows two contradictory forms of nature one is innocent (Lamb) and another is fierce, violent (Tiger) in his collection of poems â€Å"Songs of Innocence,† and â€Å"Song of Experience.† Through it the nature always shows the fragility of human existence. Nature is neutral. It is the man, whose perception is different. While discussing on the topic â€Å"Man v/s Nature,† The theory of naturalism is important to be discussed to understand the relationship between nature and its inhabitants. Key words: Naturalism, nature, man, harmonious, indifferent The Theory of Naturalism: The theory of Natura lism can be defined as a theory in literature which highlights the role of environment upon human characters. The writers between the age of 1880 and 1940 were influenced by the theory of Naturalism. ... The Application of the Naturalism theory in â€Å"Open Boat,† and â€Å"To Build a Fire† The same theory of Naturalism is the base of many writers of the age of 1880 and 1940. Among them were the two major writers, Stephen Crane and Jack London. Their short stories have been taken into consideration for the discussion. The first one is â€Å"Open Boat,† written by Stephen Crane, and another is â€Å"To Build a Fire,† by Jack London. Both of these stories are based on the eternal struggle of man against nature and their partial or complete defeat to fight with against nature. These stories depict man’s fight for survival against extreme adverse conditions of nature. â€Å"The Open Boat† is a true story based on the actual incident happened in the writer’s life when he was travelling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent. He was caught in the fierce ocean and was fighting for life for 30 hours along. He had been accompanied by his three companions. His four characters of this story include the Captain, the oiler, the correspondent, and the cook. These are the human character and one more character appears throughout the story which is non human and abstract, and it is nature. Nature has played the role of an antagonist of this story. It can be described as a revenge story in which the revenge is being taken by nature according to Crane’s point of view. At least the tone of the story expresses the enmity between man and the nature. All of these four men are ceaselessly trying to save their boat from the menace of swamping. The writer wants to indicate that nature has a lack of concern of what is happening with the man and thus behaves like a retaliating antagonist. Indifference of Nature towards Man The birds are sitting comfortably and they

FedEx Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FedEx Technology - Assignment Example FedEx case study presents a number of logistical problems including tracking goods problem caused by the airline’s reliance on disjointed data, delays in the assortment of goods and packaging, increased operating costs, overworked fast-cycle logistic system as well as a centralized structure for the airline. Tracking goods in is one of the major issues affecting the success of cargo airline because it determines the timely delivery of goods to perspective clients.   Notably, FedEx lacks proper tracking of goods that arrive from various destinations; hence, affecting some of the goods that arrive without the consent of the airline because management efficacy of the flow of goods solely depends on the capability to track goods from the origin to the client. Failure to tack all goods in an effective manner leads to the airline failure to meet the requirements by customer, which is a major logistical problem. Although delayed flights primarily cause sorting process inconsistenci es,   Ã‚  the consequence of increased costs is a logistical problem because FedEx should have a system that ensures delayed flights are sorted in a special isolated warehouse. This   ensures that the delayed arrival flight does not affect the departure, which is done by ensuring that the sorting process is done faster than it would be done by the existing package-sorting system at MEM.   The case study indicates that the fast-cycle logistics push is compressed particularly at night; hence, overworked because of the airlines centralized location, which is a logistical problem because the airline’s structure fails to streamline operations and monitoring costs. A single cargo flight delay consequences are just more than time and can have substantial effect on the cost of business because it contributes to the upward trend on the operating cost. The initial effect on the cost on business will be paying overtime expenses to the pilot and the crew.   The airline deals with time-sensitive cargo; hence, is prone to compensating customers of delayed time-sensitive goods such as horticulture products meant for specific timely occasions.  

Neo-classical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Neo-classical Theories - Essay Example Direct application of the social control theory would involve the prescription of a punishment as a threat to wrongful social behavior. Offenders like the drunk drivers would be most likely deterred from offending through application of a cover legal implication in the commitment of a crime. In the application of the social theory as a deterrence of drunk drivers, a severe punishment like a five-year imprisonment, without bailing on bond, would be demotivating towards drunk driving (Chui, 2003). Social theory of deterrence equally closely borrows from rational choice theory as a means of deterring a drunk driver from committing an offence. Human beings are rational individuals who can be motivated or demotivated by a punishment, therefore a formal arrest and imprisonment would send a message to those being punished and the potential offenders that the implication for action is constant. Social theory, in deterring an offender from committing an offence, stipulates that the punishment mode and procedure should be uniform and applicable to everyone who commits the offence that is being deterred (O’Malley,

FedEx Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FedEx Technology - Assignment Example FedEx case study presents a number of logistical problems including tracking goods problem caused by the airline’s reliance on disjointed data, delays in the assortment of goods and packaging, increased operating costs, overworked fast-cycle logistic system as well as a centralized structure for the airline. Tracking goods in is one of the major issues affecting the success of cargo airline because it determines the timely delivery of goods to perspective clients.   Notably, FedEx lacks proper tracking of goods that arrive from various destinations; hence, affecting some of the goods that arrive without the consent of the airline because management efficacy of the flow of goods solely depends on the capability to track goods from the origin to the client. Failure to tack all goods in an effective manner leads to the airline failure to meet the requirements by customer, which is a major logistical problem. Although delayed flights primarily cause sorting process inconsistenci es,   Ã‚  the consequence of increased costs is a logistical problem because FedEx should have a system that ensures delayed flights are sorted in a special isolated warehouse. This   ensures that the delayed arrival flight does not affect the departure, which is done by ensuring that the sorting process is done faster than it would be done by the existing package-sorting system at MEM.   The case study indicates that the fast-cycle logistics push is compressed particularly at night; hence, overworked because of the airlines centralized location, which is a logistical problem because the airline’s structure fails to streamline operations and monitoring costs. A single cargo flight delay consequences are just more than time and can have substantial effect on the cost of business because it contributes to the upward trend on the operating cost. The initial effect on the cost on business will be paying overtime expenses to the pilot and the crew.   The airline deals with time-sensitive cargo; hence, is prone to compensating customers of delayed time-sensitive goods such as horticulture products meant for specific timely occasions.  

Working with calculus Assignment Essay Example for Free

Working with calculus Assignment Essay The nightmare has come to pass. All of Kelleys extensive surgeries and nasal passage scrapings have (unfortunately) gone awry, and he waits in the Ear, Nose, and Throat doctors office waiting area spewing bloody snot into a conical paper cup at the rate of 4 in3/min. The cup is being held with the vertex down (all the better to pool the snot in, my dear). The booger catcher has a height of 5 inches and a base of 3 inches. How fast is the mucous level rising in the cup when the snot is three inches deep? Investigating the problemÃ'Ž The volume of a cone V = where r is the radius of the cone and he is its height For the full cone or any part of it, the ratio of r:h remains fixed, so As we are only interested in the rate of change of the height we need to eliminate r so use r = 3h/10 for all levels So the new V = so to find h3 = and h = So making a table to find for t= 0 to 25 and hence work out roughly how long the cone takes to fill up, and the height value at each stage and also radius each time. As can be seen, the full height and radius is reached at about t 15 minutes. Lets hope the doctor is on time today! Here are the formulae used to generate the tableHere is the graph of h and r against time: Both h and r increase rapidly in the 1st 5 minutes before the rate of increase slows as t increases. Using Numerical methods Various rates of change could be investigated, including the rate of change of h with respect to V, the rate of change of r with respect to t and so on. However, the question asks about the rate of change of h with respect to t, so this will be investigated using the Leibnitz formula : to estimate gradients using a spreadsheet. The following graph was obtained: As can be seen this graph of the rate of change of height (the speed at which height changes) is not very helpful, as there is a lot of change for t = 0 to t = 2 but after that the rate of change is much less. Some investigation shows that most of the change takes place between t = 0 and t = 1. So tracing the rate of change of the 2 sections on different graphs, with the one involving the first section in much more detail, will give a better picture. The table: And the graph The reduction in speed of the heights rise is very marked The table for t = 1 to t = 14: and the graph: The question requires the rate of change at h = 3. From the table this can be see between t = 2 and t = 4, where the gradient is between 0. 46 and 0. 29 inches per minute Using differentiation V = so and we were also told So using the Chain Rule: = Filling what is known: 4 = so So when h = 3 = 0. 393 inches per minute Conclusion: The numerical method does not give a very accurate result and provided the Chain rule is used, the calculus method is much betterÃ'Ž

Marketing Communication Strategies of Skoda

Marketing Communication Strategies of Skoda Marketing The Process Precisely defined, marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to satisfy customers (Google). It is a dynamic process of ensuring a close fit between the core competencies of an organization and the external demands placed upon it. The fundamental role of marketing is often associated with the promotional aspect of a product or service. It consists of making the consumer aware of what youre offering, and convincing them to buy it. Marketing Communications Marketing Communications Mix Marketing Communications takes a leap further to streamline the actions a firm takes to communicate with end-users, consumers and external parties. It identifies the best media available for any particular product or service to communicate with the market (Smith Taylor, 2005). It is primarily concerned with demand generation and product and service positioning. The marketing communications mix is essentially a conceptual framework that helps to structure the approach to marketing. It covers all the communication tools available to a marketer, such as advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, sponsorship, e-marketing, corporate identity, etc. This report is an attempt to study the marketing communications strategies and mix for consumer vehicle brands in the UK, namely Skoda and Volkswagen Passenger Cars (now-on referred to as Volkswagen or VW). These are two sister companies and hence an interesting comparison. Automotive Industry Marketing The competitive nature of the automobile industry in the UK has prompted the automobile manufacturers to explore new and innovative marketing strategies to thwart the deadly competition. Almost all companies offer diverse range of vehicles in almost all segments as a part of their marketing strategy. This is in the endeavor to make sure that the customer is driving one of their vehicles only. The automobile industry relies not just on one medium of advertising and promotion; rather they aim to develop a combination of almost all options to leave the most impact-ful trail of marketing. The audio-visual medium is a rage since it gives the vehicle manufacturers an opportunity to flaunt their cars. The print medium, on the other hand, provides an opportunity to explain the functions of a car in detail and highlight their unique selling proposition (USP) to the customers. More recently, the automobile industry has shifted focus to the online medium, exploring the internet, which offers greater flexibility in terms of utilizing its interactive features such as demonstrating the interiors of the car with its salient features, etc. Aims Objectives: The aims and objectives of the report shall remain the following: Study the automobile industry dynamics in the UK, with specific focus on history and evolution of Skoda and Volkswagen as significantly important brands. Study the marketing communications strategies and tactics used by Skoda and Volkswagen to fight competition. Study the campaigns, media used and the brand image projected by Skoda and Volkswagen and how successful have they been in reaching out to their target. Chapter 2: Literature Review UK Automotive industry Market Overview The UK automotive sector is a highly flexible, dynamic and a global enterprise. The UK is the 12th largest automobile producer in the world and UK car industry has always been export-oriented and is known for exclusive brands, such as the Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Land Rover, Aston Martin and Jaguar. Amongst the key multinational players are: Ford, Toyota, Diamler-Chrysler, GM and Volkswagen. The top five UK car producers include Nissan, Toyota, Honda, MINI and Land Rover (Cunningham et al., n.d.). The automotive sector in the UK is in a state of constant change which is imperative for adapting to challenging commercial, regulatory and technological trends worldwide. However,at present, the UK car industry is in major turmoil. With credit crunch, spiraling oil prices and fragile consumer confidence, the industry is witnessing its worst since 1966. The buyers are shunning dealerships in droves and the manufacturers are in deep thoughts of how to revive the declining sales. The slowdown in the UK mirrors the difficult conditions being experienced across the main European markets. (Paul Everitt, SMMT). The major trends in the UK automotive industry over the last five years, as identified by the Society of Motor Manufacturers Traders Ltd (SMMT), depict the following: UK new car market has eased in recent years, after witnessing a peak of 2.579mn in the fiscal year 2003. The market is now contested by many marques. Fuel-efficiency is a big issue in the UK automotive industry. UK vehicle output has declined, but will recover over the next 18 months (figures as of 2007). In the year 2006 there were 1.65 million cars and commercial vehicles (CVs) produced in the UK alone. In the year 2006 the UK new car market eased to 2.345 million units, its lowest level since 2001. Estimates show that over 2 million vehicles are currently scrapped each year. Global automotive market is very positive and is largely driven by Asian demand, in particular in China and India. Skoda- The Brand and the Re-Branding Skoda Auto is an automobile manufacturer based in the Czech Republic. It was once one of Europes leading producers of quality, highly engineered cars but its fortunes plummeted under the post-Second World War communism phenomenon. It was until 1989 when Volkswagen took a 30% stake in the beleaguered car firm, that there were any signs of hope for the uplift of the company. In 21991, Volkswagen bought Skoda outright and this was when the journey of improvement triggered off for Skoda. Backed by VWs expertise and investments, the design of Skoda, both in terms of style and engineering, improved greatly. Although Skoda cars were quite at par with those of the rivals, in terms of function, style and value for money, the entire brand image of Skoda lagged far behind. As Chris Hawkens (Marketing Director Skoda, 1999) stated: All the research showed quite substantial levels of rejection of the Skoda brand by consumers. (Creativity Works, 2003) Trying to Sell Skodas is Like Trying to Sell Nuclear Waste. Hawken took up the initiative to challenge the negative perceptions about Skoda and to create a new brand platform to ensure future growth. The action plan called for innovation and a carefuly integrated marketing communications strategy which comprised of three core strands: Advertising Direct marketing Public relations As a result, the entire image of the Skoda brand improved and eventually changed altogether. Volkswagen The Brand Volkswagen commercial vehicles is another brand of the Volkswagen group, like Skoda, and is a separate marque to Volkswagen Passenger Cars since 1995. VWs relationship with the UK automobile industry dates back to 1952 when the first two models of Beetles were introduced into the market. In 1953 Volkswagen Motors Ltd officially became the UK importer, and the brand thereon went from strength to strength and became to be knows as the peoples car. The Volkswagen Passenger Cars brand runs a combination of three core values: innovative, providing enduring value and responsible. Technology, people and the environment dominate the philosophy and actions of Europes largest automaker. Double marketing has been the key for Volkswagen. It is not about stuffing multiple messages into one campaign, ratherrunning multiple campaigns on different messages concurrently. Volkswagen has more often indulged in launching many models collectively and hence has exploited this marketing strategy. The campaigns of 2006 provide a classic example of this phenomenon at Volkswagen: the Unpimp my ride campaign about design and control, the obeying your fast campaign for the GTI and the safe happens bold TV ads for the Jetta. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The research methodology for this report entails a careful blend of both primary and secondary sources available. Primary Sources of Data Five customers of Skoda and Volkswagen were randomly interviewed for their views about the marketing strategies of both the companies, using open-ended questions to yield maximum response. This helped to assess their response towards the media and campaigns deployed by these brands and to evaluate the extent of impact and penetration of the marketing tools used into the target customers. Attempts were made to interview at least one reliable personnel from the respective companies. However, due to lack of time and confidentiality issues of the company, this mode of research did not yield any reliable information for evaluation purposes. Secondary Sources of Data The secondary sources tapped include various books, published material, both from official as well as unofficial sources and both from electronic as well as print media. These include expert reviews on the marketing strategies of each company, company annual reports and other authentic related articles available on marketing strategies of Skoda and Volkswagen. Various advertisements, both from the print as well as electronic media, have also been carefully studied to conduct a comparative analysis for both the companies. Chapter 4: Discussion Analysis Skoda Turning Negative Perceptions into Positive Rather than try to make it into a hero brand, which wasnt realistic, we made it the underdog, and everyones on the side of the little guy. (James, 2002) Under the marketing communications strategy deployed by Hawkens and the innovative It is a Skoda, honest campaign, the market share of the company almost doubled. He confronted head-on the cars negative image using subtle, intelligent humor, targeting Skoda rejecters precisely. The rejuvenating marketing communications strategy of Skoda comprised of (James, 2002): Advertising: targetting the entire country, primarily through TV. Drect Marketing: targetted prospective buyers and existing customers, designed to encourage test-driving the new car. Public Relations: played a supplemental role by image-changing articles. Press was fed with information about motoring awards and VK backing. The success stories about Skoda now read Historys biggest comeback since Bobby Ewing stpped out of the shower, the new Skoda is hip and sexy yes, sexy. For a budget of about $7 million, Skoda witnessed increased sales, more than 23%, over the course of the 18-month campaign which marked the turn-around for the brand (James, 2002). Skodas Marketing Communication Mix The recent marketing communication strategy of Skoda constitutes the following key elements: TV Advertising Most Talked About Add of 2007 TV advertising has always been a win for Skoda. The baking of add of 2007 is a remarkable example of the strategic advertising vision of the company. The award-winning add featured a group of master bakers creating a life-size car out of cake icing, jelly headlights and full of lovely stuff strapline. The Favorite Things soundtrack provided the background score for the extremely attractive recepie. The cake add was indeed a radical move for Skoda. It was accompanied by columns in leading journals and magazines as the PR team took the initiative to send cake tins with ingredients to journalists. As a part of the direct marketing campaign, chocolate scented air fresheners were sent to potential and existing custoemrs of Skoda. Being an extremely bold positoning, Skoda adds communicated the message of how Skoda delivered exceptional customer service (Turner, 2007). Award winning website Skoda UKs official website (www.skoda.co.uk) is yet another critical element of the marketing communications mix of the brand. The highly attractive, animated and engaging website played a crucial role in nurturing the marketing mix of Skoda. Its online marketing campaign won it laurels in 2008- the Best Motor Manufacturer Home Page and Best Motor Manufacturer for Purpose Intent (www.skoda.co.uk). The criteria for judgment included factors such as web design, use of animation, ease of navigation, and search tools available. The sites creative effectiveness has been demonstrated by a remarkable 400% increase in requests for test drives and brochures. MyClick Technology Skoda has indulged in a mobile WAP site MMS MyClick advertising platform as a recent communication strategy. This is an endeavor to deliver a unique brand experience to consumers on their mobile devices.The image recognition technology of MyClick allows Skoda to reach end users with instant services wherever they are. Skoda is using this idea to provide an interactive platform where mobile users can access its Believe In Life information by simply clicking their mobile phone camera (Roberts, 2008). Volkswagens Marketing Communications Mix Volkswagen, the brand, deploys two key elements in its marketing communications strategy: Online Marketing The official website (www.volkswagen.co.uk) provides the most life-like experience of choosing a car on the internet. It allows the visitors to access the retailers booking systems and book test drives in real time. Also they are able to see which models are available at any specific time and retailer and make online reservations. The dynamic feedback mechanism employed by the website allows the customer to search and modify their preferred car in real time hence, as initially imagined by Volkswagen. The website is much responsive and provides a much richer customer experience Double Marketing Volkswagen and the Blues A multi-tiered, fully integrated marketing strategy was incorporated for the multiple-model launch in 2003, with the help of The Blues promotional team (Volkswagen and The Blues, n.d.). The marketing strategy adopted covered a diverse range of communications media including: TV and radio ads Online marketing on The Blues website Paid advertising: print ads in leading journals, in-flight marketing campaign with major national airlines Events marketing: Radio City concert, presence at key film and music festivals, etc. Ancillary products Educational outreach: Letter from Volkswagen and logo presence in Teachers Guides sent to 45,000 teachers nationwide. Chapter 5: Conclusion Skoda has gone from trash to treasure with the overwhelmingly innovative marketing strategy of the Volkswagen group. This can be accredited to simply revamping the marketing communications mix, which even called for complete elimination of typical elements such as sponsorships. Instead it focuses primarily on four key aspects of marketing: advertising, direct mail, public relations and more recently online marketing. Ultimately transforming the company image from a joke to a hero brand, the correct marketing strategy and timely deployment of that strategy have radically changed the perceptions of Skoda and it is today one of the fastest growing car brands in the UK. Volkswagen Passenger Cars, on the other hand, is a brand of the same parent group, however with much lesser prominence as compared to that of Skoda. The most prominent feature of VWs marketing strategy is double marketing, vis-Ã ¡-vis the three-pronged strategy of Skoda. Both brands have strong market presence and are working effectively with their individual marketing strategies. However, those deployed by Skoda are much more impact-full and far-reaching than VWs. Chapter 6: Recommendations Skoda is suggested the following set of recommendations: Although the negative perceptions have withered off, the positive preconceptions are to be secured. Hence, Skoda needs to promote a we-are-not-as-bad-as-you-think impression. Create a new communications theme that is able to sustain the brands sense of individuality, without Skoda being perceived as just any other car brand. Volkswagen Passenger Cars is suggested the following set of recommendations: Enhance the marketing communications mix with more emphasis on the advertising campaigns, such as those launched by Skoda. References Creativity Works (2003) HOW SKODA USED CREATIVITY TO INCREASE SALES BY 27% Available at: www.dandad.org/inspiration/creativityworks/pdf/skoda.pdf [Accessed 8th November 2009] Cunningham, Margaret; Doherty, Joanne; Douglas, Thomas; Garland, Philip; Guo Xiadi; Harmer, Chris (n.d.) The Death of the Skoda Joke and the Rebirth of the Brand. Available at: www.busmgt.ulst.ac.uk/modules/bmg900j3/Skoda%20Report.ppt [Accessed 8th November 2009] James, Dana (2002) Rebuilding Reputations Skoda goes from trash to treasure Available at: www.amaphoenix.org/files/Rebuidling%20Reputation [Accessed 18th November 2009] Roberts, Benna (2008) Skoda users MyClick Mobile image recognition technology for Mobile Marketing Available at: http://www.gomonews.com/skoda-users-myclick-mobile-image-recognition-technology-for-mobile-marketing/ [Accessed 5th November 2009] Smith, P R Taylor, Jonathan (2005) Marketing Communications Turner,Clark (2007) How Skoda created the most talked about ad of 2007 Available at: www.utalkmarketing.com//Article.aspx?Skoda_created_the_most_talked_about_ad_of_2007 [Accessed 18th November 2009] Volkswagen and The Blues (n.d) Available at: www.sgptv.org/sponsor-casestudies/original/5.pdf [Accessed 5th November 2009]

Growing World of Sony Essay -- essays research papers

It’s not news that Sony is a global company or that (25%) of all Play Station profits’ for the past seven years came from Sony to Japan. After all that’s what international marketing and the global economy are all about, companies like Sega, Nintendo, Microsoft, X-Box doing business around the world. The global economy now reaches every corner of the United States. Current interest in international marketing can be explained by changing competitive structures coupled with shifts in demand characteristics in markets throughout the world. With the increasing globalization of markets, companies find they are unavoidably enmeshed with foreign customers, competitors and suppliers. A significant portion of all products made in the United States is foreign made. Japan’s economy is based on a strong work ethic and being a leader of technology, in which has helped Japan advance to the second most powerful economy in the world. One notable characteristic of the economy is the working together of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors in closely-knit groups called keiretsu. The keiretsu, which means â€Å"order† or â€Å"system,† is a unique form of business that links companies together in industrial groups that provide Japanese business with a substantial competitive edge over non-keiretsu organizations. Keiretsus are collections of dozens of major companies spanning several industries and held together by cross-shareholding, old-boy networks, interlocking directorates, long-term business relationships, and social and historical links. There are six major Japanese industrial keiretsu groups and eleven lesser ones. Together, the sales in these groups are responsible for about 25 percent of the activities of all Japan, a nd keiretsus account for 78 percent of the value of all shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Japan’s industry, which is the most important sector of the economy, is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. For three decades overall real economic growth had been one of the highest, 10% in the 1960s, 5% in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in 1992-95 largely because of the aftereffects of over investment during the late 1980s. Growth picked up to 3.9% in 1996, largely a reflection of low rates of inflation. But in 1997-98 Japan experienced a recession, centered about financial difficulties in the banking system ... ...the magic and popularity behind playstaion 2, besides the Sony name, was is it’s ability to play back DVD videodiscs, and support for all types of sound hardware, including Dolby Digital and DTS, which is, used for home theater systems. These added options plus it’s ability to play back the original playstation games made it appealing to every one regardless of age. For the Kids you had the hottest new system that could also play the original play station games even faster, for the parents you had a new DVD Player. Sony’s ability to market and tailor the playstation to a wide range of consumer young and old is what but it on top of the charts. Even with the introduction of Microsoft’s XBOX and Nintendo’s game Cube this October Sony is still topping the charts this Christmas season. Sony’s has proved it’s self in the gaming world and has its consumers behind them. The strategies that Sony uses is marketing it’s playstation is not complex, Sony just uses it’s assets to find out what the consumer wants and need and then gives it them. Sony produces high quality products tailored to the need of its consumers. A simple concept that has left Sony and Playstation on top of the charts.

A Sample and Critique of psi Research :: Telepathy Precognition Psychic Papers

"Do you remember how electrical currents and 'unseen waves' were laughed at? The knowledge about man is still in its infancy." - Albert Einstein Introduction Perception of future events (precognition), communication through thoughts (telepathy), material manipulation without physical contact (telekinesis), sight of an object or place millions of miles away with enough accuracy to draw it (remote viewing) – these are a few cases of what is referred to as "psi phenomena," also known as parapsychological or psychic phenomena. "Psi" refers to "anomalous processes of energy or information transfer... that are currently unexplained in terms of known physical or biological mechanisms."(1) Long dismissed by scientists and other skeptics all over the world, these occurrences are often attributed to trickery, hallucination, lying, chance, and even spiritual influence. Claims of psychic ability come from many varied sources. From the friend who has premonitory dreams and the dog who knows when the master has decided to come home, to the glamorous astrologer with a 900-number and the clairvoyant with a TV show, stories of paranormal abilities range from personal and thought-provoking to distant and Hollywood-esque. Are these things really possible? What does the scientific community actually know about these phenomena? Ultimately, one must ask the question, what can the scientific community know about these phenomena? This paper is intended to provide a small sample and critique of the available scientific research on these unexplained and often dismissed phenomena. The examples which form this review are: research on unexplained phenomena not associated with "psychic" individuals, large-scale research centering on many individuals with "psychic talent," and an investigation of the claimed abilities of a single internationally celebrated "psychic." Despite the historical and prevalent stigma and sensationalization associated with this field, many respected educational establishments have laboratories involved in the research of psi. The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research program, instituted in 1979 to investigate mind-matter interactions (2); the Parapsychological Association, a 1957 offshoot of the Duke Laboratory (3); the Koestler Parapsychology Unit at the University of Edinburgh (4); and Stanford University's 1946 endeavor, Stanford Research Institute are four of these. It should be noted that Stanford Research Institute separated from the university in 1970, and became SRI International. (5) Examples Impersonal phenomena If a person is asked to identify the color of a rectangle, and is subsequently asked to read a randomly generated color name, it is well-known that a matching color name will be called out faster than a mismatching color name.

Experience The Arts Essay

Art has a huge impact in making our lives endlessly rich. I can’t imagine, only for a moment, a world without art in light of the fact that art have such an effect on design from our most loved features. Moreover, art invigorates distinctive parts of our brains to make us giggle or prompt us to uproar, with an entire range of feelings in the middle. Art also provides for us an approach to be inventive and convey what needs be. For some individuals, art is the whole reason they get up in the morning. You could say, art is something that makes us more mindful and balanced people. Then again, it is such an expansive piece of our regular lives that we might scarcely even stop to consider. Our shoes could be look as art, as well as our clothing. General all utilitarian configuration is art. Art normally includes correspondence. Ostensibly, specialists need individuals with whom they can impart their observations. At the point when Art and people associate, numerous conceivable outc omes emerge. As an admirer of the specialty of dance it has dependably been something I delighted in viewing or enjoyed as an adolescent. In spite of the fact that dance was a sublime past time I never feel in adoration with it until I encountered another manifestation of workmanship called praise dancing. Praise Dance is a type of formal or profound dance, it is a manifestation of move in which the attention is on love. Acclaim dance experts utilize their bodies to help express the expression and soul of God. Praise Dance is actually considered by numerous places of worship to be a satisfactory manifestation of Christian articulation, as well as being regularly utilized before  assemblies to make energizing and enthusiastic environments. In some cases praise dance can be a piece of a greater generation in which a whole story is told. Praise dance, rather than different manifestations of love move, is commonly performed to a much quicker and energetic music rhythm. The dancers express the music by waving their arms over their heads, applauding uncontrollably, influencing their bodies, and moving their heads to the mu sic. It can also be an interpretation of delight that uses the human body to extend, which are express with both their bodies and their confronts, illuminating their gathering of people with the delight they feel inside their souls. When praise dance is my presence my body would shivers; while tears role down my eyes, on the grounds that they were hitting the dance floor with such power, and the message they were yielding was compelling. Besides, the entertainers were serving and worshiping through move and welcoming the crowd to give love to the lord. Praise dance definitely have to be the most excellent critical experience of art I have ever felt on the grounds that it brought me into an alternate measurement, one where I had an otherworldly involvement with a higher force. Therefore, I will always cherish those moments, since it was truly the most true, genuine, and most alive experience I have had in my life. Praise dance is in fact extraordinary, enthusiasm and daring, for one self to express an unforgiving approach to acquire art it really bring out art in undiscovered spots. I am truly convinced and idealistic that praise dance will attract individuals in a great big form of art, which would inspires, encourages and uplifts humanity all around the world. Reference: Sporre, D. J. (2013). Reality Through the Arts (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. www.thepraisedancelife.com

Operations Strategy of Asa Essay

The mission of ASA, Inc. is to provide students with a more convenient option for food, a reasonably price of the food and delivery services. It would seem to be encouraging students to use the on campus food service as opposed to off campus foods. This mission was seen as a plan to keep business on campus. ASA’s competitive advantage is the location, more than half of the students will still be eating at the ASA facilities. ASA is a specialized food-services operator for university and college, through the surveys to determine customer needs and the market trends. ASA’s core competencies are location of facilities, they could provide a good product quicker and more conveniently than off campus competitors. For example, the pizza service, ASA can provide delivery service quicker and at a lower cost. Initially, Renee Kershaw chooses to use her pizza operations to compete with off campus eateries base on delivery service and price. The pizza is delivering by the bicycle on-campus. Students would have not only greater variety but also the convenience of having food delivered quickly to their rooms. Kershaw limited the combinations of toppings available to keep costs down and provide fast delivery. Her competitive priorities were delivery speed and price. The on-campus location and limited combinations of toppings make these priorities possible. The new food court located on-campus, have the same advantage as ASA. The direct competitor, Pizza Hut was providing a limited selection of pizzas on a â€Å"walk-up-and-order† basis. Most likely they can also provide product at similar prices, and offering a limited menu. But Pizza Hut has the brand names. However, ASA still maintains its delivery advantage. The new competitive priorities might focus on expending product variety and provide good quality, because the grill’s supervisor had told that the requests for pizza toppings and combinations not on the menu had steadily increased, it show that a customer interest in variety. An increased in product variety will affect both service and cost. The capacities of existing equipment and space allocated for making and cooking pizzas now were insufficient to meet demand. Kershaw will need to add capacity and to hire additional workers to maintain service.

Banduras social learning theory Essay Example for Free

Banduras social learning theory Essay Learning theory (33) , Social learning theory (19) , Control theory (12) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Our study is based on the theory of operant conditioning and Bandura’s social learning theory. Operant conditioning states that learning happens through association, and we believe that car advertises are trying to make their target population associate buying their car with a desired characteristic/traits/lifestyles e.g. having a lot of female attention. Skinner described the ABC model of operant conditioning, which includes an antecedent, behaviour and a consequence. Bandura for his theory stated that learning can only occur if the four criteria (attention, retention, reproduction and motivation) were met. From looking at YouTube adverts we found that smaller cars had a tendency to have more feminine themes whereas larger cars tended to have more masculine themes.  Aim  To whether there is a difference between gender and the size of cars they drive.  Alternative Hypothesis:  Males will have a higher tendency to drive large cars while females will have a higher tendency to drive smaller cars  Null Hypothesis:  There will be no difference in gender and the size of the car they drive, and any difference will be due to chance. METHOD:  Design:  This is an independent group design and a quasi experiment as each participant can only be in either the male or the female category. We will gather our data by tallying, as our study will only include nominal data. This is useful as tallying is easy to analyse and draw up conclusions from. We are only looking at the gender of the driver and the type/size of their cars, so our data is quantitative. This is a non-participant naturalistic overt observation. Seeing as our results are nominal, this is an independent group design and the hypothesis predicts a difference. We will try our best to operationalise our variables by tallying the cars for the same period of time and by collecting data in different locations throughout Maidstone. Our IV will be the gender and how dependent variable (DV) will be the size of the cars. To make it easier to see the driver or the car, we will be collecting our data by a set of traffic lights, and tallying in the correct sections.  Participants  All of our participants will be over 17, as this is the legal minimum driving age. We will be using opportunity sampling as only those driving at the time of the study will take part in the study. Apparatus  Pen, paper and clipboard   Procedure  1. A table was draw up to collect results in (a copy can be found in appendix)  2. Researchers decided time and place of when they will be getting results  3. Researches went to location, stood by the nearest traffic light and collect results  4. Next lesson, the results were pooled  5. Adjustments were made  6. Carried out inertial test using chi-squared test  Control:  Pilot study was not to include family and sports cars as they are marketed differently and tend to be gender neutral. We increased our ecological validity by carrying out the experiment in different places in Maidstone. We followed most of the ethical guidelines by: ensuring that no participants were harmed physically or psychology and that the results were anonymous. Participants were not given fully-informed consent and were not debriefed as this would be too time consuming, but if a participant was to ask about our study they would have been told the true aim of the study and having their results omitted if they want to.We will accept our null hypothesis and reject our alternative hypothesis because our observed value (1.34) of chi-squared is lower than the critical value(3.841) and this means our results aren’t significant. Therefore the probability of our results being due to chance equal p

2008 Presidential Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

2008 Presidential Campaign - Essay Example This essay discusses the 2008 presidential campaign and presidential election, in which Obama contested with John Mc Cain. This was the election in which Obama got the highest vote and he won with the highest vote count. It happened on November 4th of 2008 and Obama was an attractive personality even when he was campaigning for the election. Barack Obama was on the part of Democrats while John Mc Cain was with Republicans. Obama voted from Illinois while John was from the senate of Arizona. The highlight of this election was that in this election Obama won the highest number of votes any president has earned in the whole history of America. Here Obama received 365 electoral votes while John received 173 electoral votes. The researcher aims to analyze the question why Obama was so much popular and highly voted during 2008 election. One of the unique features of the 2008 election was that Black got a chance to vote for someone without having racial consciousness. The unique quality of Obama was that he had the innate characteristic of reviving something or a country which was shattered in pieces. Obama before his 2008 campaign completely studied the economical situation of the country and understood the problems of common men. He was not only preaching but also practicing in a positive manner. It is then concluded by the researcher of the essay, that it was Obama’s dedication, hard work, love and compassion to his country and country men which led to his presidency to be a success.

Negligent Tort Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negligent Tort - Assignment Example Tort is any legal or civil injury or harm that is caused or directed to a person, company or a party. We would therefore categorize this action under negligent tort. The following elements constitutes negligent tort. A person or a company must owe the customer or individual in question a product or service. The company or the person must violate a promise and obligation. In this case, Philips Company would be violating the consumer safety Act. The consumer must have suffered injury or loss in the process of using the product or the service. The injury or loss must be seen because of the negligence of the manufacture of the product or the service. The government to produce products, which are safe and durable, has licensed Philips Company. The government has licensed the company and therefore mandated the company with the duty of care. Duty of care is the relationship and circumstance under which the law recognizes as providing rise to any legal duty to take care of consumers. If Phil ips Company fails to take care of its consumers then it may lead to legal battle whether the defendant would be liable to pay damages for the loss or damages. The person that is injured is suffering the loss due to the breach of duty of care by the company. According to the US law, standard of care is the level of conduct expected from Philips Company in this regard to avoid liabilities for negligence. If the company or the person fails to meet the expected standards then there is a breach of duty. Philips Company has the mandate of producing standardized products. The reason for the hazards indicate that the products are substandard and do not meet the requirements of the law. This is a breach of duty since the company should provide better services with optimum quality to avoid cases injuries to the consumers. If any person had suffered any injury or harm while using the lamps, the person would be protected from the negligence of the consumer through the negligence liability. The law requires that consumers conform to the standard of care by providing information regarding any under standardized products. Breach of duty occurs when the defendant, which in this case is Philips Company, fails to meet the standards that is set or required by the law. The state expects that companies licensed to provide services to the consumers meet the expected standard. The consumers Act protect from malice and under standardization the consumers. The consumer Act protects all consumers from exploitation. Once it is established that Philips Company owes a consumer the duty of care, it is necessary for the consumers to demonstrate to the court that the company’s action was in breach of duty. Actual causation is the factor that leads to the occurrence of the event. If the factor were missing then the event would not occur. In other words, actual causation is also termed as factual cause. As the consumer, it is important to prove to the courts that if Philips Company woul d have made the wires in such a way that they will not arc, burn and cause fire leading to shattering and laceration, the injury or loss would not occur. The complainant must present his/her defense in the following manner, â€Å"but for the existence of A, would B have occurred†. Proximate causation or legal cause existence is when the complainant proves that the defendant’s negligence is a substantial factor that has led to the injury or loss

Identify the components and interfaces commonly present in J2EE Essay

Identify the components and interfaces commonly present in J2EE projects as they progress through the development and design of the distributed architecture - Essay Example In a distributed computing environment, J2EE uses a multi-tiered application model. There are the (1) the web-tier components that run on the J2EE server; (2) the business-tier components run on the J2EE server; the (3) client-tier components that run on the client machine and (4) the Enterprise information system or EIS-tier software which runs on the EIS server. A J2EE component may be defined as a self-contained functional software unit that is assembled into a J2EE application along with its related classes and files and which is able to communicate with other components using programming logic (java.sun.com). In a J2EE distributed enterprise application model therefore, the application logic is usually divided into components according to their function, and the various application components that make up a J2EE application are installed on different machines depending on the tier in the multi-tiered J2EE environment to which the application component belongs. I believe that the RUP or Rational Unified Process is the best approach for J2EE applications. This consists of the following phases: Requirements Analysis, Object Oriented Analysis, Architecture Specification, Object Design, Implementation, Validation, Assembly and Deployment, and Operation and Maintenance (Kurniawan, 2002). All in all, we see can that the main usage of the J2EE environment is to develop and deploy enterprise applications. The modern J2EE platform consists of a set of services, application programming interfaces and protocols that provide the functionality for developing multi-tiered, web-based applications in a distributed computing

Literature review on ethical issue between employees and their Essay

Literature review on ethical issue between employees and their manegars - Essay Example The daily interaction, collaboration and interpersonal relationships required from managers and employees create tensions and issues that are considered normally pervading the working environment. Apart from operational concerns, managers and employees are faced with contrasting beliefs, values and preferences that occur because of the diversity in personalities, traits, cultural orientations and demographical factors that form each individual in the organization. These beliefs fall under ethical issues in business, defined as â€Å"â€Å"the principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business† (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2009, 6). In this regard, the current study aims to proffer a review of related literature on the subject of ethical issues between managers and employees. The theoretical framework and impetus for the review came as a result of an interview with a legal researcher for the Saudi – Central Bank, who identified problems which are et hical in nature and existed in their organization, currently affecting job satisfaction and productivity of employees. Ethical Issues in Business Organizations Ethical behavior have been identified to manifest actions that are â€Å"morally accepted as "good" and "right" as opposed to "bad" or "wrong" in a particular setting† (Sims, 1992, 506). ... According to Martires and Fule (2004), the culture of an organization influences the ethical climate that pervades. Organizational culture is a set of symbols, myths, ceremonies that reflect the underlying values and beliefs of the organization or its work force. This statement is supported by Hunt (1991) and Schneider and Rentsch (1991) who emphasized that there are factors that influence diversity in ethical climates of organizations, to wit: â€Å"personal self-interest, company profit, operating efficiency, individual friendships, team interests, social responsibility, personal morality, rules and standard procedures, and laws and professional codes† (cited in Sims, 1992, 510). As such, more detailed ethical issues facing human resources in organizations, particularly between managers and employees, are revealed by CiteHR (n.d.) to wit: (1) â€Å"discrimination issues include discrimination on the bases of age (ageism), gender, race, religion, disabilities, weight and att ractiveness; (2) issues surrounding the representation of employees and the democratization of the workplace: union busting, strike breaking; (3) issues affecting the privacy of the employee: workplace surveillance, drug testing; (4) issues affecting the privacy of the employer: whistle-blowing; (5) issues relating to the fairness of the employment contract and the balance of power between employer and employee: slavery, indentured servitude, employment law; and (6) occupational safety and health† (CiteHR, n.d., par. 1). In the case of the legal researcher for the Saudi – Central Bank, the ethical issue that existed between managers and employees was manifested in the way the manager discriminated against underperforming employees which further